法官自由裁量权的法律解释方法规制研究

Research on the Regulation of Legal Interpretation Methods for Judges’ Discretionary Power

摘要: 在全面依法治国与司法体制改革深化的背景下，法律解释作为连接规范普遍性与个案特殊性的核心中介，其规范运用直接关乎司法质效的提升与法治体系的完善。中西方法律解释传统存在本质分野，西方解释权源于司法专业共识，而我国则系于立法权威，法官裁量权缺乏独立法理根基。在体制与文化交织影响下，裁量权陷入多重困境。裁量权面临恣意扩张与机械适用的双重风险，根源在于解释体制的立法化、规则体系的缺失，以及重实质轻形式的传统文化模糊了解释与创造的应有边界。对此，需依托法律解释的基本原则、方法位阶、客观性要求、双重规则及分案适配策略，构建系统化规制体系，在规范安定性与实践适应性之间寻求动态平衡。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of comprehensive law-based governance and the deepening of judicial system reform, legal interpretation, as the core intermediary connecting the universality of norms and the particularity of individual cases, its normative application is directly related to the improvement of judicial quality and efficiency and the perfection of the legal system. There is an essential divergence in the traditions of legal interpretation between China and the West. In the West, the right of interpretation stems from the consensus of the judicial profession, while in China, it is based on legislative authority. Therefore, the discretionary power of judges lacks an independent legal basis. Under the interwoven influence of the system and culture, discretionary power has fallen into multiple predicaments. Discretionary power is confronted with the dual risks of arbitrary expansion and mechanical application. The root cause lies in the legislative nature of the interpretation system, the absence of a rule system, and the traditional culture that emphasizes substance over form, which blurs the proper boundaries between interpretation and creation. In this regard, it is necessary to rely on the basic principles, methodological hierarchy, objective requirements, dual rules and case-by-case adaptation strategies of legal interpretation to construct a systematic regulatory system and seek a dynamic balance between normative stability and practical adaptability.