我国离婚冷静期制度的检视与完善路径研究

A Study on the Examination and Improvement of the Cooling-Off Period System for Divorce in China’s Civil Code

摘要: 离婚冷静期是为减少轻率离婚、维护家庭稳定而设立的程序性制度，具有缓冲矛盾、抑制冲动离婚的积极作用。然而，由于当前仅有一条原则性规定，缺乏配套细则与司法解释，导致其在面对多样化的婚姻现实时适用僵化、针对性不足。本文旨在检视该制度在实施中暴露的主要问题，从明确适用范围、设置弹性期间、规范夫妻权利义务、限制适用次数以及构建专业调解与咨询机制等五个方面，提出系统化的完善建议，以推动离婚冷静期制度更加精准、有效地实现其立法目标，维护家庭和睦稳定，促进社会和谐发展。

Abstract: The divorce cooling-off period is a procedural mechanism established to reduce impulsive divorces and maintain family stability, serving a positive role in mitigating conflicts and curbing rash divorce decisions. However, with only a single principle-based provision currently in place and lacking supporting detailed rules and judicial interpretations, its application has proven rigid and insufficiently targeted when confronting diverse marital realities. This paper examines the primary issues exposed during the system’s implementation. It proposes systematic improvements across five dimensions: clarifying the scope of application, establishing flexible timeframes, regulating spousal rights and obligations, limiting the number of applications, and establishing professional mediation and counseling mechanisms. These recommendations aim to enhance the precision and effectiveness of the divorce cooling-off period system in achieving its legislative objectives, thereby safeguarding family harmony and stability and promoting social harmony and development.