企业数据权益的保护路径研究

Research on the Protection Path of Enterprise Data Rights

摘要: 在数字经济时代，数据作为新型生产要素的地位日益凸显。本文围绕企业数据权益的性质界定与保护路径展开系统研究，通过梳理“新型财产说”“竞争性权益说”与“数据控制者权说”三种理论学说，结合司法实践中的典型案例，论证“新型财产说”的理论优越性。研究进一步比较分析“权利构建”“行为规制”与“法律协同”三种保护模式，提出我国应当确立以数据财产权为核心的权利构建路径，实现数据保护与流通的平衡，为构建中国特色的数据产权制度提供理论支撑。本文的研究不仅有助于厘清企业数据权益的理论争议，更为相关立法完善提供了具有操作性的建议。

Abstract: In the era of the digital economy, data has increasingly emerged as a new type of production factor. This paper conducts a systematic study on the nature definition and protection pathways of enterprise data rights, analyzing three theoretical schools—“New Property Theory,” “Competitive Rights Theory,” and “Data Controller Rights Theory”—along with typical judicial cases to demonstrate the theoretical superiority of “New Property Theory.” The research further compares and analyzes three protection models: “rights construction,” “behavior regulation,” and “legal coordination,” proposing that China should establish a rights construction pathway centered on data property rights to achieve a balance between data protection and circulation, providing theoretical support for building a data property rights system with Chinese characteristics. This study not only helps clarify theoretical disputes regarding enterprise data rights but also offers actionable recommendations for improving relevant legislation.