文化翻译观视角下《三国演义》文化负载词的俄译研究

A Study on the Russian Translation of Culture-Loaded Words in the “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” from the Perspective of Cultural Translation

摘要: 本文以苏联汉学家В. А. Панасюк翻译的《三国演义》俄语全译本《Троецарствие》为研究基础，从文化翻译观的视角，系统剖析其中文化负载词的翻译策略。文化翻译观将翻译视为跨文化阐释与重写的过程，强调文化信息的传递与调适。通过对译本中密集出现的职官制度、典籍器物、社会习俗等文化负载词进行细部分析，本文发现译者主要采用了音译注释的异化策略、功能对等的归化策略。这些策略层次分明、相互配合，在严格保留源语文化特质与充分关照俄语读者接受能力之间取得了卓越平衡，成功地将《三国演义》深厚的华夏文明底色植入了俄语文学与文化语境，为古典文学外译提供了极具参考价值的范本。

Abstract: Based on the Russian translation of the “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” translated by Soviet sinologists, this paper systematically analyzes the translation strategies of culture-loaded words from the perspective of cultural translation. The cultural translation view regards translation as a process of cross-cultural interpretation and rewriting, emphasizing the transmission and adjustment of cultural information. Through a detailed analysis of the culture-loaded words such as official system, artifacts in classics, and social customs, which appear intensively in the translated versions, this paper finds that the translators mainly adopt the alienation strategy of transliteration and annotation, and the domestication strategy of functional equivalence. These strategies are well-defined and cooperate with each other, achieving an excellent balance between strictly retaining the cultural characteristics of the source language and fully caring for the acceptance ability of Russian readers, and successfully implanting the profound background of Chinese civilization in the “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” into Russian literature and culture. The context provides a model of great reference value for the foreign translation of classical literature.