试论少数民族学生职业教育适应性发展的挑战与应对策略——以普洱市职业教育中心为例

On the Challenges and Countermeasures in the Vocational Education Adaptation Development of Ethnic Minority Students—Taking the Pu’er Vocational Education Center as an Example

摘要: 职业教育适性发展的核心是“以学习者为中心”，强调教育供给与学生个体特质、文化背景、区域产业需求的精准匹配。本文以普洱市职业教育中心哈尼族、彝族、拉祜族、傣族、佤族等少数民族学生为研究对象，采用问卷调查、深度访谈及案例分析相结合的研究方法，通过对600余名学生及68位教师、管理人员与企业代表的调研。通过分析其在职业教育适性发展中面临的文化适配不足、供需对接错位、支持体系薄弱等现实挑战，从课程本土化开发、产教融合深化、支持体系构建三个维度，提出“文化嵌入 + 产业对接 + 精准帮扶”的应对策略，旨在为边疆少数民族地区职业教育高质量发展、助力乡村振兴提供实践路径。

Abstract: The core of the adaptive development of vocational education is “learner centered”, emphasizing the precise matching of education supply with individual characteristics, cultural background, and regional industrial needs of students. This article takes Hani, Yi, Lahu, Dai, Wa and other ethnic minority students from Pu’er Vocational Education Center as the research objects. The research method combines questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and case analysis, and conducts a survey of more than 600 students and 68 teachers, managers and enterprise representatives. By analyzing the practical challenges faced in the adaptive development of vocational education, such as insufficient cultural adaptation, mismatch between supply and demand, and weak support system, this paper proposes a response strategy of “cultural embedding + industry integration + precise assistance” from three dimensions: curriculum localization development, deepening of industry education integration, and construction of support system. The aim is to provide a practical path for the high-quality development of vocational education in border ethnic minority areas and support for rural revitalization.