比较法视野下中国涉外商事调解制度的构建与完善

The Construction and Improvement of China’s Foreign-Related Commercial Mediation System from the Perspective of Comparative Law

摘要: 在全球经济一体化与“一带一路”倡议深入推进的背景下，中国涉外商事活动日益频繁，纠纷解决需求激增。商事调解作为一种高效灵活的替代性纠纷解决机制，其重要性日益凸显。然而，中国现行涉外商事调解制度存在立法体系碎片化、调解协议执行力不足、机构监管与调解员资质混乱等困境。本文通过比较法视角，考察欧盟、美国及新加坡等法域的成熟经验，提出中国应构建以统一立法为基础、以高效执行为保障、以主体规范为核心、以程序协同为纽带、以本土创新为特色的涉外商事调解制度，以提升中国在国际商事纠纷解决市场中的竞争力。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the deepening of economic globalization and the “Belt and Road Initiative”, China’s foreign commercial activities have become increasingly frequent, and the demand for dispute resolution has soared. As an efficient and flexible alternative dispute resolution mechanism, commercial mediation has become increasingly important. However, China’s current foreign commercial mediation system is beset by fragmented legislation, insufficient enforceability of mediation agreements, and chaotic regulation of institutions and mediators’ qualifications. Through a comparative law perspective, this paper examines the mature experiences of the European Union, the United States, and Singapore, and proposes that China should establish a foreign commercial mediation system based on unified legislation, guaranteed by efficient enforcement, centered on subject norms, linked by procedural coordination, and characterized by local innovation, in order to enhance China’s competitiveness in the international commercial dispute resolution market.