东北方言词“嘚瑟”的多义歧义与场景适配性研究

A Study on the Polysemy, Ambiguity and Contextual Appropriateness of the Northeast Chinese Dialect Word “Desè”

摘要: 东北方言词“嘚瑟”在跨域传播中使用广泛却容易引发语义误解，现有研究多聚焦其词源与基础语义，缺乏对多义歧义及情感色彩偏移的系统性探究。本研究采用案例分析法与场景分类法，构建“得意炫耀–胡乱消费–亲昵调侃”三维多义系统。研究发现，该词的歧义触发与场景类型密切相关，陌生人/职场、消费行为描述、亲友日常调侃三类场景分别对应不同语义倾向与歧义表现；人际关系亲密度、语气语调、搭配词汇构成歧义消解的“三维约束机制”。同时，“嘚瑟”的情感色彩存在双向偏移特征，其背后是东北地域集体主义文化与调侃式社交传统的双重驱动，跨域传播中的文化语境缺失易导致歧义异化。本研究丰富了东北方言词汇语用歧义研究体系，为方言跨域传播中的语义误解消解提供了理论参考。

Abstract: The Northeast Chinese dialect term “desè” is widely used in cross-regional communication but prone to semantic misunderstandings. Existing studies mainly focus on its etymology and basic semantics, lacking systematic exploration of its polysemy, ambiguity, and emotional color shift. This study adopts the case analysis method and scenario classification method to construct a three-dimensional polysemy system of “complacent showing-off - reckless consumption - teasing affection”. The research finds that the ambiguity triggering of this term is closely related to scenario types: the three scenarios of stranger/workplace communication, consumption behavior description, and daily teasing among relatives and friends correspond to different semantic tendencies and ambiguity manifestations, respectively. Interpersonal intimacy, tone and intonation, and collocation words constitute the “three-dimensional constraint mechanism” for ambiguity resolution. Meanwhile, “desè” exhibits a two-way shift feature in emotional color, driven by the dual influence of the collectivist culture and the teasing-based social tradition in Northeast China. The lack of cultural context in cross-regional communication is likely to lead to ambiguous alienation. This study enriches the research system of pragmatic ambiguity of Northeast Chinese dialect vocabulary and provides theoretical reference for resolving semantic misunderstandings in the cross-regional communication of dialects.