基于ERP的抑郁症认知功能障碍研究进展
Research Progress on Cognitive Dysfunction in Depression Based on ERP
DOI: 10.12677/ass.2026.151079, PDF,   
作者: 胡义城：福建师范大学心理学院，福建 福州
关键词: 抑郁症；认知功能障碍；ERP；综述；Depression； Cognitive Dysfunction； Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)； Review
摘要: 抑郁症是一种复发率高、疾病负担重的常见精神障碍。认知功能障碍不仅是抑郁症的核心症状之一，也是其重要的残留症状，严重影响患者的社会功能与预后。随着神经影像学、神经电生理等技术的发展，事件相关电位(ERP)已成为探索抑郁症认知功能障碍的重要工具。本文系统回顾了国内外关于抑郁症认知功能与ERP的研究进展，重点探讨了ERP各内、外源性成分与特定认知加工过程的病理生理联系，以期为抑郁症的客观诊断、疗效评估及预后判断提供电生理学依据。
Abstract: Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by high rates of recurrence and disability. Cognitive dysfunction is not only a core symptom of depression but also a significant residual manifestation, severely affecting patients’ social functioning and long-term outcomes. With advances in neuroimaging and neuro-electrophysiological techniques, event-related potentials (ERPs) have become an important tool for investigating cognitive dysfunction in depression. This paper systematically reviews recent domestic and international research on cognitive function and ERPs in depression, with a focus on the pathophysiological links between various exogenous and endogenous ERP components and specific cognitive processes. The aim is to provide electrophysiological evidence to support the objective diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and prognosis assessment of depression.
文章引用：胡义城. 基于ERP的抑郁症认知功能障碍研究进展[J]. 社会科学前沿, 2026, 15(1): 649-655. https://doi.org/10.12677/ass.2026.151079

参考文献

[1] Huang, Y. (2019) Prevalence of Mental Disorders in China—Author’s Reply. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6, 468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yu, X., Yan, J., et al. (2019) Prevalence of Mental Disorders in China: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study. The Lancet, Psychiatry, 6, 211-224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] James, S.L., Abate, D., Abate, K.H., Abay, S.M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi, N., et al. (2018) Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 392, 1789-1858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] 李斌彬, 周东丰. 抑郁症对负性情绪的认知偏向——记忆和注意[J]. 临床精神医学杂志, 2015, 25(2): 135-137.
[5] Ismail, Z., Elbayoumi, H., Fischer, C.E., Hogan, D.B., Millikin, C.P., Schweizer, T., et al. (2017) Prevalence of Depression in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 74, 58-67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Bagert, B., Camplair, P. and Bourdette, D. (2002) Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: Natural History, Pathophysiology and Management. CNS Drugs, 16, 445-455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Bortolato, B., Miskowiak, K.W., Köhler, C.A., Maes, M., Fernandes, B.S., Berk, M., et al. (2016) Cognitive Remission: A Novel Objective for the Treatment of Major Depression? BMC Medicine, 14, Article No. 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] 李贝婷, 庆武, 余凤琼, 等. 抑郁症患者注意转移策略的事件相关电位研究[J]. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 2020, 29(5): 385-390.
[9] Hermida, A.P., McDonald, W.M., Steenland, K. and Levey, A. (2012) The Association between Late-Life Depression, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Is Inflammation the Missing Link? Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12, 1339-1350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Auerbach, R.P., Stanton, C.H., Proudfit, G.H. and Pizzagalli, D.A. (2015) Self-Referential Processing in Depressed Adolescents: A High-Density Event-Related Potential Study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 233-245. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] 齐倩蕊. 抑郁症患者大脑结构差异及脑网络动力学研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2018.
[12] Rostami, H.N., Ouyang, G., Bayer, M., et al. (2016) Dissociating the Influence of Affective Word Content and Cognitive Processing Demands on the Late Positive Potential. Brain Topography, 29, 619-631.
[13] Li, X., Li, J., Hu, B., Zhu, J., Zhang, X., Wei, L., et al. (2018) Attentional Bias in MDD: ERP Components Analysis and Classification Using a Dot-Probe Task. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 164, 169-179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Chen, Y., Tong, F., Zhao, L. and Sun, G. (2022) Intact Face Detection in Young Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Revealed by the Face-Specific N170 Component. Scientific Reports, 12, Article No. 14099. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Schendan, H.E. and Ganis, G. (2013) Face‐Specificity Is Robust across Diverse Stimuli and Individual People, Even When Interstimulus Variance Is Zero. Psychophysiology, 50, 287-291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, J., et al. (2017) Altered N170 and Emotional Face Processing in Depression: An Event-Related Potential Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 218, 414-419.
[17] Xin, W., Yu, R. and Zhao, L. (2021) Event-Related-Potential Based Evidence of Cognitive Dysfunction of Processing Emotional Faces in Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Neuroscience Letters, 742, Article ID: 135545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Yin, G., Zhao, L. and Li, H. (2019) The Early Stage of Face Detection in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. NeuroReport, 30, 939-944. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Tong, Y., Zhao, G., Zhao, J., Xie, N., Han, D., Yang, B., et al. (2020) Biases of Happy Faces in Face Classification Processing of Depression in Chinese Patients. Neural Plasticity, 2020, Article ID: 7235734. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] 郑海斌. 认知任务调节表情面孔加工的ERP研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 北京: 北京大学, 2006.
[21] Lijffijt, M., Lane, S.D., Meier, S.L., Boutros, N.N., Burroughs, S., Steinberg, J.L., et al. (2009) P50, N100, and P200 Sensory Gating: Relationships with Behavioral Inhibition, Attention, and Working Memory. Psychophysiology, 46, 1059-1068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Blackwood, D.H.R., Whalley, L.J., Christie, J.E., Blackburn, I.M., Clair, D.M.S. and McInnes, A. (1987) Changes in Auditory P3 Event-Related Potential in Schizophrenia and Depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 154-160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] 朱敏, 张阳, 鲁晓波, 等. 难治性和一般性抑郁症患者记忆功能及事件相关电位P300的对比研究[J]. 山西医科大学学报, 2014, 45(12): 1125-1130.
[24] Vandoolaeghe, E. (1998) Auditory Event Related Potentials in Major Depression: Prolonged P300 Latency and Increased P200 Amplitude. Journal of Affective Disorders, 48, 105-113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Samia Rachael, T. (2016) Electrophysiological Profiling of Depression in the Elderly. Archives of Depression and Anxiety, 2, 31-36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[26] Flores-Medina, Y., Rodríguez-Agudelo, Y., Bernal-Hernández, J. and Cruz-Fuentes, C.S. (2022) Cognitive Impairment in the Co-Occurrence of Alcohol Dependence and Major Depression: Neuropsychological Assessment and Event-Related Potentials Analyses. Heliyon, 8, e09899. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] 周宏珍. 面孔加工的事件相关电位时空模式及其临床应用[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 广州: 第一军医大学, 2006.
[28] 程玉琴. 单、双相抑郁患者对面部表情注意偏向的脑电特征[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 深圳: 深圳大学, 2017.
[29] 周振和, 朱红梅, 李恒芬, 等. 老年期抑郁症患者认知功能损害与听觉诱发电位P300的特征变化[J]. 中国临床康复, 2005, 9(20): 23-25.
[30] Tang, A., Santesso, D.L., Segalowitz, S.J. and Schmidt, L.A. (2016) Distinguishing Shyness and Sociability in Children: An Event-Related Potential Study. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 142, 291-311.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022096515002015
[31] 王小玉, 张干, 苗青. 事件相关电位P300在神经疾病伴抑郁中的相关研究[J]. 东南大学学报: 医学版, 2014, 33(2): 185-189.
[32] Rock, P.L., Roiser, J.P., Riedel, W.J. and Blackwell, A.D. (2013) Cognitive Impairment in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychological Medicine, 44, 2029-2040. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] 南彩, 王高华, 刘忠纯, 等. 事件相关电位P300在抑郁症中的研究进展[J]. 国际精神病学杂志, 2015, 42(2): 115-118.
[34] 白雪霞, 罗锦秀. 抑郁症认知损害与事件相关电位的研究进展[J]. 神经疾病与精神卫生, 2019, 19(12): 1201-1205.
[35] Delle-Vigne, D., Kornreich, C., Verbanck, P. and Campanella, S. (2015) The P300 Component Wave Reveals Differences in Subclinical Anxious-Depressive States during Bimodal Oddball Tasks: An Effect of Stimulus Congruence. Clinical Neurophysiology, 126, 2108-2123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Khan, Z., Saif, A., Chaudhry, N. and Parveen, A. (2022) Event‐Related Potential and Neuropsychological Function in Depressed Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Correlational Study. Aging Medicine, 5, 174-181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Tripathi, R., Tripathi, S., Mishra, N. and Gurnani, K. (2015) P300 Latency as an Indicator of Severity in Major Depressive Disorder. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 24, 163-167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Chen, J., Zhang, Y., Wei, D., Wu, X., Fu, Q., Xu, F., et al. (2015) Neurophysiological Handover from MMN to P3A in First-Episode and Recurrent Major Depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 174, 173-179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] 张云燕, 孟晓落, 舒刚明, 等. 抑郁症患者的认知功能及事件相关电位P300的研究[J]. 中日友好医院学报, 2011, 25(2): 67-70.
[40] 詹向红, 刘永, 宋萍, 等. 轻中度抑郁症患者认知功能损伤的事件相关电位研究[J]. 神经药理学报, 2017, 7(3): 50-56.
[41] Zhou, L., Wang, G. and Wang, H. (2018) Abnormalities of P300 before and after Antidepressant Treatment in Depression: An ERP-sLORETA Study. NeuroReport, 29, 160-168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] 梁余航, 周曙, 陈湛愔. 汉语成语N400在神经衰弱和抑郁症患者事件相关电位检测中的应用研究[J]. 实用临床医药杂志, 2014, 18(1): 33-35.
[43] 聂所成, 王娟, 刘畅. 老年抑郁症患者的认知功能与事件相关电位N400的表现[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2016, 36(24): 6177-6179.
[44] 周振和. 重性抑郁症患者认知功能特征与事件相关电位的关联研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 南京: 南京医科大学, 2016.
[45] 都业铭, 张云巧, 韩敏, 等. 焦虑型与忧郁型抑郁障碍患者事件相关电位N400的比较研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2022, 25(36): 4546-4553.
[46] 王勇, 赵雅娟, 赵国庆. 双相抑郁与首发抑郁症汉语成语N400的对照研究[J]. 精神医学杂志, 2017, 30(6): 401-404.
[47] Iakimova, G., Passerieux, C., Foynard, M., Fiori, N., Besche, C., Laurent, J.P., et al. (2009) Behavioral Measures and Event-Related Potentials Reveal Different Aspects of Sentence Processing and Comprehension in Patients with Major Depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 113, 188-194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

为你推荐