西方经济价值理论演进与数字时代价值重构研究

Evolution of Western Economic Value Theory and Its Digital Reconstruction

摘要: 本文从经济学视角系统梳理了价值思想的演进脉络，涵盖古典经济学派、边际效用学派及新古典经济学的核心理论，揭示劳动价值论、边际效用理论在不同历史阶段的理论贡献与局限。针对数字时代，研究指出数据成为关键生产要素，平台经济与网络效应重构价值创造逻辑，创新生态协同推动价值增值。传统劳动价值论需结合数字劳动新形态拓展解释边界，边际效用理论面临数字产品非竞争性、动态偏好等新挑战。本文提出平台价值理论与数据价值理论作为新探索方向，强调需构建适配数字经济的价值评估与分配机制。研究为传统价值理论的数字化转型提供理论依据，并呼吁深化跨领域实证研究以应对技术革新与全球化带来的新挑战。

Abstract: This paper systematically examines the evolution of value theory from an economic perspective, covering the core tenets of classical economics, the marginal utility school, and neoclassical economics. It reveals the theoretical contributions and limitations of the labor theory of value and marginal utility theory across different historical stages. In the digital era, the study highlights data as a key factor of production, with the platform economy and network effects reshaping the logic of value creation, while innovative ecosystem synergy drives value multiplication. The traditional labor theory of value requires expansion to incorporate new forms of digital labor, and marginal utility theory faces new challenges such as the non-rivalry of digital products and dynamic preferences. This paper proposes platform value theory and data value theory as new exploratory directions, emphasizing the need to construct value assessment and distribution mechanisms adapted to the digital economy. The research provides a theoretical basis for the digital transformation of traditional value theories and calls for deeper interdisciplinary empirical studies to address new challenges arising from technological innovation and globalization.