普遍语法的参数设定机制及其跨语言验证——乔姆斯基语言哲学核心概念探析

The Parameter Setting Mechanism of Universal Grammar and Its Cross-Language Validation—Exploration of the Core Concepts of Chomsky’s Philosophy of Language

摘要: 诺姆・乔姆斯基语言哲学的核心理念之一为普遍语法，是人类语言共通的规则系统，通过后天经验触发参数设定形成具体语言的特殊语法，解释语言习得的普遍性、差异性。本文聚焦普遍语法中的参数设定机制，以跨语言实例分析其核心、运行逻辑和思想价值：一是揭示普遍语法原则与参数的辩证关系，指明参数设定的触发条件和实现路径；二是以中心语参数、主语脱落参数等例证参数设定在跨语言差异解释中的有效性；三是探究参数设定机制在实证支持、语境适应性等方面的缺陷。参数设定机制准确把握语言共性与个性的平衡，是极具解释力的分析框架，其理论内核在认知科学、语言教学等方面仍有借鉴价值，同时也需结合现代语言学实证研究逐渐丰富。

Abstract: One of the core concepts of Noam Chomsky’s philosophy of language is universal grammar, a common system of rules for human language that is triggered by postnatal experience to form a specific grammar for language, explaining the universality and differences in language acquisition. This article focuses on the parameter setting mechanism in universal grammar, analyzing its core, operational logic, and ideological value through cross-linguistic examples. Firstly, it reveals the dialectical relationship between universal grammar principles and parameters, indicating the triggering conditions and implementation paths for parameter setting; the second is the effectiveness of setting parameters such as central language parameters and subject dropout parameters as examples in explaining cross-linguistic differences; the third is to explore the shortcomings of parameter setting mechanisms in empirical support, contextual adaptability, and other aspects. The parameter setting mechanism accurately grasps the balance between language commonality and individuality, which is a highly explanatory analytical framework. Its theoretical core still has reference value in cognitive science, language teaching, and other aspects, and needs to be gradually enriched by empirical research in modern linguistics.