汉语句法学百年演进：理论互鉴与本土构建

A Century of Evolution in Chinese Syntax: Theoretical Dialogue and Local Construction

摘要: 作为现代汉语语法研究的核心领域，汉语句法学自《马氏文通》(1898)依赖已历经百年发展。这一历程并非简单的“西学东渐”与“本土突围”的二元对立，而是在全球语言学视野下，通过对印欧语理论框架的模仿、对多元流派的借鉴、与国际学界的深度对话，逐步立足汉语本土事实、融合中华文化特质的“互鉴–反思–创新”过程。其发展轨迹既体现了人类语言研究的共性追求，也彰显了汉语句法的独特性对普遍语言学理论的补充与修正。本文以“学术问题驱动”为核心线索，将其划分为奠基与模仿期(19世纪末~20世纪中叶)、借鉴与反思期(20世纪中叶~20世纪末)、融合与争鸣期(20世纪末~21世纪初)以及本土建构与理论对话期(21世纪初至今)四个主要阶段，通过还原关键学术论战、剖析典型句法现象的跨理论解释差异，呈现汉语句法学的理论演进全景，并展望跨学科融合与国际对话的未来趋势。

Abstract: As the core field of modern Chinese grammar research, Chinese syntax has undergone a century of development since the publication of “Ma’s Grammar” (1898). This journey is not a simple duality of “the dissemination of Western learning in China” and “local breakthrough”; instead, it is a process of “dialogue-reflection-innovation” in the global linguistic perspective—from imitating Indo-European theoretical frameworks, drawing on diverse schools of thought, engaging in in-depth dialogue with international academia, to gradually grounding in the inherent characteristics of Chinese and integrating Chinese cultural traits. Its developmental trajectory reflects both the common pursuit of human language research and the supplementation and revision of universal linguistic theories by the uniqueness of Chinese syntax. Guided by the core clue of “academic problem-driven research”, this paper divides the development into four stages: the Foundation and Imitation Period (late 19th century to mid-20th century), the Reference and Reflection Period (mid-20th century to late 20th century), the Integration and Contention Period (late 20th century to early 21st century), and the Local Construction and Theoretical Dialogue Period (early 21st century to present). By restoring key academic debates and analyzing the cross-theoretical explanatory differences of typical syntactic phenomena, it presents a comprehensive overview of the theoretical evolution of Chinese syntax and looks forward to the future trend of interdisciplinary integration and international dialogue.