肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻合并肾结石治疗进展研究

Research Progress on the Treatment of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Combined with Kidney Stones

摘要: 本文针对肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)合并肾结石的病理机制、流行病学特征进行分析，指出该病症的主要成因在于先天性狭窄、血管压迫及医源性损伤，并重点阐述该病症在微创手术、内镜单通道技术、体外冲击波碎石手术等方面的治疗进展。结果表明，通过双镜联合技术、机器人辅助腹腔镜技术、输尿管软镜碎石技术、经皮肾镜碎石术的研究与应用，可促进结石有效排除。同时，还要把握特殊群体治疗要点，儿童需选创伤小术式，老年人要做好围手术期管理，孕妇应优先考虑保守治疗，上述进展可为临床治疗提供更多选择，有助于治疗效果提升。

Abstract: This paper analyzes the pathological mechanisms and epidemiological characteristics of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) combined with kidney stones, indicating that the main causes of this condition are congenital stenosis, vascular compression, and iatrogenic injury. It focuses on the recent advancements in treatment, including minimally invasive surgery, single-channel endoscopic techniques, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The results show that the use of combined ureteroscopic techniques, robot-assisted laparoscopic techniques, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy can promote effective stone clearance. In addition, attention should be given to treatment considerations for special populations: children require minimally invasive procedures, the elderly need perioperative management, and conservative treatment should be prioritized during pregnancy. These advancements provide more clinical treatment options and help improve therapeutic outcomes.