王华小说中的救赎美学探究——以《雪豆》《傩赐》《家园》为例

Exploration of Redemption Aesthetics in Wang Hua’s Novels—Taking “XueDou”, “NuoCi”, and “Homeland” as Examples

摘要: 王华作为当代贵州仡佬族文学的重要代表，其小说对边地苦难与救赎的深刻书写亟待系统的美学阐释。当前学界对其作品审美意蕴的研究尚显薄弱，尤其缺乏以救赎美学为理论支点的深入探讨。本论文旨在填补此研究空白，以瓦尔特·本雅明的“灵光”、消逝论与弥赛亚救赎观、西奥多·阿多诺的否定美学、以及韩炳哲对“平滑美学”的批判与“否定性追寻”为核心理论资源，建构起理解王华小说救赎美学的理论视点。研究表明，王华通过将西方批判理论资源与中国边地经验、少数民族文化元素相融合，在苦难叙事中创造性地实践了一种具有深刻批判性和精神超越性的救赎美学，不仅深刻揭示了现代性进程中生态危机、伦理困境与文明冲突，更在美学层面为边缘者提供了精神突围与价值确证的路径，为理解中国当代乡土文学的美学探索提供了重要的理论参照。

Abstract: As an important representative of contemporary Gelao literature in Guizhou, Wang Hua’s profound description of suffering and redemption in border areas urgently needs systematic aesthetic interpretation. The current academic research on the aesthetic connotation of his works is still weak, especially the lack of in-depth discussion based on the theoretical fulcrum of redemption aesthetics. This paper aims to fill this research gap, using Walter Benjamin’s “aura”, evangelism and messianic view of redemption, Theodor Adorno’s negative aesthetics, and Han Bingzhe’s criticism of “smooth aesthetics” and “negative pursuit” as core theoretical resources to construct a theoretical perspective for understanding the redemptive aesthetics of Wang Hua’s novels. Research shows that by integrating Western critical theory resources with Chinese borderland experience and ethnic minority cultural elements, Wang Hua creatively practices a profoundly critical and spiritually transcendent redemptive aesthetics in suffering narratives. It not only profoundly reveals the ecological crisis, ethical dilemmas and conflicts of civilizations in the process of modernity, but also provides a path for spiritual breakthrough and value confirmation for marginalized people at the aesthetic level, and provides an important theoretical reference for understanding the aesthetic exploration of contemporary Chinese vernacular literature.