夜莺的译声——不同时期下的《夜莺与玫瑰》译本

The Nightingale’s Translated Voice—Chinese Translations of The Nightingale and the Rose across Different Periods

摘要: 切斯特曼翻译规范理论旨在规范翻译实践，通过满足期待规范和专业规范，使译文更加符合目的语的文化习惯和表达习惯。期待性规范指目标语读者对译文在可接受性、语言风格等方面的期待。而专业规范则要求译者在翻译实践中必须遵循一定的技术规范，如对源语言材料的理解、翻译方法的使用等多方面的规范。切斯特曼认为，翻译人员在翻译过程中应该尽可能遵循翻译规范和标准，并提出了一系列翻译方法和技巧，如意译、直译、加译等。《夜莺与玫瑰》作为王尔德为数不多的童话作品一直以来广为流传，也为业界的多位优秀的文学家、作者等等翻译，由于该部作品发行时间较长，译者横跨一个多世纪，在处于不同的时代背景下各个中译本各放异彩。本文以此书为例主要是因为王尔德作为唯美主义的代表人物，致力于对人性的至美至爱的表现，他的作品极具艺术性，无论是措辞、表达还是人物的隐喻都值得细细斟酌，所以这对于译者来说也是一个非常大的挑战，也对基于切斯特曼的翻译规范理论的分析提供了更大的对比性。

Abstract: Chesterman’s translation norms theory aims to standardize translation practice and make translations more in line with the cultural and expressive habits of the target language by fulfilling expectancy norms and professional norms. Expectation norms refer to the target language readers’ expectations of the translated text in terms of acceptability, linguistic style and so on. The professional norms, on the other hand, require translators to follow certain technical norms in translation practice, such as the understanding of source language materials, the use of translation methods and other aspects of the norms. He believes that translators should follow translation norms and standards as much as possible in the process of translation, and proposes a series of translation methods and techniques, such as direct translation, omission and addition translation. The Nightingale and the Rose, as one of the few fairy tale works of Oscar Wilde, has been widely spread, and has been translated by a number of outstanding literary figures and authors. Due to the long period of time for the release of this work and the face that the translators have been living across more than a century, the Chinese version of this book are different in different times and backgrounds. This article takes this book as an example mainly because Wilde, as a representative of aestheticism, is committed to the expression of the beauty and love of human nature, and his works are very artistic, whether in terms of word, expression or character metaphors, and also provides a greater contrast to the analysis based on Chesterman’s theory of translation norms.