我国专业学位研究生培养模式的问题、原因及对策

Problems, Causes, and Countermeasures of the Training Model for Professional Degree Graduate Students in China

摘要: 我国专业学位研究生教育存在明显的“学术化”倾向，其培养模式与学术学位高度“同质化”，体现在课程、师资、教学及论文评价等多个环节。基于制度理论与组织社会学视角分析，这一困局源于多重系统性因素：制度起源上的路径依赖、学术场域中的强制性、模仿性与规范性同形压力、学院制导致的组织场域与资源重叠、学术权力的主导以及“市场逻辑”的式微。人力资本理论则进一步揭示了师资结构失衡导致的专用性人力资本投资不足。为此，必须推行一场多层面的系统性制度创新与组织变革，包括构建独立的认证与资源分配体系、推动组织载体创新、根本性改革师资队伍、深化实践导向的培养过程改革，以及构建深度融合的校企协同育人生态系统。唯有如此，才能打破同形桎梏，确立专业学位独特的“职业逻辑”，最终实现其培养高层次应用型专门人才的初衷。

Abstract: There is a clear tendency towards “academicization” in the education of professional degree graduate students in China, with a highly “homogenized” training model akin to academic degrees, evident in various aspects such as curriculum, faculty, teaching, and thesis evaluation. Based on an analysis from the perspectives of institutional theory and organizational sociology, this dilemma stems from multiple systemic factors: path dependence in institutional origins, compulsory, imitative, and normative homomorphic pressures in the academic field, organizational overlap and resource duplication caused by the college system, dominance of academic power, and the decline of “market logic”. Human capital theory further reveals the insufficient investment in specialized human capital caused by imbalances in faculty structure. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a multi-level systemic institutional innovation and organizational transformation, including establishing an independent certification and resource allocation system, promoting organizational carrier innovation, fundamentally reforming the faculty, deepening practice-oriented training process reforms, and constructing a deeply integrated school-enterprise collaborative education ecosystem. Only in this way can we break the shackles of homomorphism, establish a unique “professional logic” for professional degrees, and ultimately achieve the original intention of cultivating high-level applied specialized talents.