阿片受体在肿瘤中的研究进展

Research Progress on Opioid Receptors in Malignant Tumors

摘要: 阿片受体作为G蛋白偶联受体家族的重要成员，不仅是阿片类药物镇痛作用的关键靶点，近年来其在肿瘤生物学中的复杂作用日益受到关注。本综述系统阐述了阿片受体在肿瘤发生、发展与转移中的研究进展，重点分析了其在肿瘤微环境中的表达与功能，包括对免疫细胞、肿瘤细胞自身及其他非细胞组分的调控作用。同时总结了阿片受体对肿瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、转移、血管生成等生物学行为所具有的双重调节效应，并探讨了长期使用阿片类药物对疼痛管理与肿瘤进展可能产生的复杂影响。此外，本综述还展望了靶向阿片受体在抗肿瘤治疗中的潜在价值，例如开发选择性激动剂/拮抗剂、与免疫治疗联合等策略，以期为开发兼顾有效镇痛与肿瘤控制的新型治疗策略提供理论依据。

Abstract: As pivotal members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, opioid receptors serve not only as key targets for opioid analgesia but have also garnered increasing attention in recent years for their complex roles in tumor biology. This review systematically outlines recent advances in the study of opioid receptors in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, with a focus on their expression and functions within the tumor microenvironment, including their regulatory effects on immune cells, tumor cells, and other non-cellular components. It also summarizes the dual regulatory effects of opioid receptors on tumor cell behaviors such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis, and discusses the complex implications of long-term opioid use for both pain management and tumor progression. Furthermore, this review explores the potential of targeting opioid receptors in anticancer therapy, proposing strategies such as developing selective agonists/antagonists and combining opioid receptor modulation with immunotherapy, with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation for novel therapeutic approaches that effectively balance analgesia and tumor control.