靶向视网膜神经节细胞亚型的视神经保护与再生的研究进展
Research Advances in Optic Nerve Protection and Regeneration Targeting Retinal Ganglion Cells Subtypes
摘要: 视神经损伤通常导致不可逆性视力丧失。视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)作为连接眼球与大脑的唯一输出神经元，是视觉通路中至关重要的一类神经细胞。近年来，随着技术的不断进步，人们逐渐发现RGCs在形态、基因表达、功能和中枢投射上都具有显著的异质性。不同的RGCs亚型对损伤的易感性和内在再生能力亦各有差异。本综述系统总结了RGCs亚型的异质性特征，阐述了各亚型在损伤应答中的差异，并探讨了针对特定亚型的视神经保护与轴突再生策略。
Abstract: Optic nerve injury always leads to irreversible vision loss. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the sole output neurons connecting the eye to the brain and the most critical type of neurons in the visual pathway. In recent years, advancements in technology have revealed significant heterogeneity in the morphology, gene expression, function, and connectivity of RGCs. Different RGC subtypes exhibit varying susceptibilities to injury and intrinsic regenerative capabilities. This review systematically summarizes the heterogeneity of RGC subtypes, elaborates on the differences in their responses to injury, and explores neuroprotection and axon regeneration strategies targeting specific subtypes.
文章引用：梁媛婷, 陈佳卿, 李令洁, 刘小勇. 靶向视网膜神经节细胞亚型的视神经保护与再生的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(2): 122-130. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.162369

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