浅析维特根斯坦的语言学说及其哲学视域下AI的语义表征与语境理解

A Brief Analysis of Wittgenstein’s Linguistic Theory and AI’s Semantic Representation and Contextual Understanding from a Philosophical Perspective

摘要: 路德维希·维特根斯坦作为20世纪分析哲学的核心奠基人，其语言学说经历了从早期“语言图像论”到后期“语言游戏说”根本性转变，深刻重塑了现代哲学对语言、思维与世界关系的认知。本文以维特根斯坦思想发展的两个阶段为脉络，系统阐释“语言图像论”的核心框架、理论目标与内在局限，并深入剖析“语言游戏说”的核心内涵、理论突破及支撑理念，重点探讨其思想转变的逻辑动因，同时结合当代哲学、语言学、认知科学及人工智能(AI)的发展语境，探究其语言学说的理论价值、现实意义，以及对人工智能自然语言理解、语义建模与语境化交互等核心议题的启示。研究表明，维特根斯坦的语言学说不仅终结了传统形而上学的思辨范式，确立了语言分析在哲学研究中的核心地位，更为理解人类语言的本质、消解哲学困惑提供了全新的思维路径。

Abstract: Ludwig Wittgenstein, a core founder of 20th-century analytical philosophy, experienced a fundamental transformation in his linguistic theory—from the early “picture theory of language” to the later “language-game theory”—which has profoundly reshaped modern philosophy’s understanding of the relationships between language, thought, and the world. Taking the two stages of Wittgenstein’s ideological development as the thread, this paper systematically elaborates on the core framework, theoretical goals, and inherent limitations of the “picture theory of language,” while conducting an in-depth analysis of the core connotation, theoretical breakthroughs, and supporting ideas of the “language-game theory.” It focuses on exploring the logical motivations behind his ideological transformation and, in conjunction with the developmental context of contemporary philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence (AI), investigates the theoretical value, practical significance of his linguistic theory, as well as its enlightenment for core AI issues such as natural language understanding, semantic modeling, and contextual interaction. Research indicates that Wittgenstein’s linguistic theory not only put an end to the speculative paradigm of traditional metaphysics and established the central position of linguistic analysis in philosophical research but also provided a brand-new way of thinking for understanding the essence of human language and resolving philosophical puzzles.