不同文体中程度副词的语义韵差异研究——以“ちょっと”和“少し”为例

The Differences in Semantic Prosody of Degree Adverbs across Different Styles—A Case Study of “Chotto” and “Sukoshi”

摘要: 本研究以表示程度最高级的程度副词“ちょっと”和“少し”为研究对象，分别在生硬文体、普通文体和柔和文体三种文体类型中进行语料检索与分析，探究其语义韵的文体差异。研究发现，程度副词的语义韵在三种文体中均存在显著的差异。整体呈现出从生硬文体到柔和文体，“行为动作”和“事物空间”的语义趋向占比呈递减趋势，“评价”和“心理感情”的语义趋向占比呈递增趋势；中性语义韵占比呈递减趋势，积极语义韵和消极语义韵占比呈递增趋势。这种差异与文体类型的特征密切相关。

Abstract: This study focuses on degree adverbs “chotto” and “sukoshi”, examining their Semantic Prosody across three stylistic categories: formal, neutral, and informal styles. By conducting corpus-based searches and analyses, the study explores how stylistic differences influence their semantic prosody. The findings reveal significant variations among the three styles. Overall, from formal to informal styles, Semantic Preference tendencies related to “actions and behaviors” and “objects and spaces” decreases, while that of “evaluation” and “psychological feelings” increases. Similarly, the proportion of neutral Semantic Prosody shows a downward trend, whereas positive and negative Semantic Prosodies increase. These variations are closely related to the characteristics of each stylistic type.