废旧光伏组件回收方法与技术体系综述——回收工艺路线、关键技术与体系化评述
Overview of Recycling Methods and Technological Systems for Waste Photovoltaic Modules—Recycling Process Routes, Key Technologies, and Systemic Evaluation
摘要: 随着全球光伏装机容量的快速增长，退役光伏组件数量在未来十年将迎来爆发式增长，高效、绿色和经济可行的回收利用技术成为保障光伏产业链可持续发展的关键。本综述系统梳理了晶硅与薄膜光伏组件的结构特征及其退役后材料回收技术，重点评述了当前主流的机械拆解、热解脱胶、化学溶胀、湿法冶金、物理化学联用及外场强化等技术路线的研究进展、机理基础、技术优势与瓶颈。最后提出“高效低损伤拆解–绿色化脱胶–精细化金属/硅回收–多路径高值化利用”的技术发展路线，以期为退役光伏组件回收利用的产业布局、技术研发和政策制定提供参考。
Abstract: With the rapid expansion of global photovoltaic (PV) installations, the volume of decommissioned PV modules is expected to surge dramatically over the next decade. Developing recycling technologies with efficient, environmentally benign, and economically viable has therefore become essential for ensuring the sustainable development of the PV industry chain. This review provides a systematic overview of the structural characteristics of crystalline-silicon and thin-film PV modules, along with their resource recovery requirements after end-of-life. It critically examines the research progress, underlying mechanisms, technological advantages, and existing bottlenecks of the major recycling routes, including mechanical dismantling, pyrolysis-based delamination, chemical swelling, hydrometallurgical recovery, physico-chemical combined processes, and externally enhanced methods. Finally, a prospective technology roadmap—“high-efficiency, low-damage dismantling, green delamination, refined recovery of metals and silicon, and multi-path high-value reutilization”—is proposed to guide industrial deployment, technology development, and policy formulation for large-scale PV module recycling.
文章引用：张稼捷, 高超. 废旧光伏组件回收方法与技术体系综述——回收工艺路线、关键技术与体系化评述[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2026, 16(1): 70-81. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2026.161009

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