行政复议制度的功能与局限性：基于治理效能的视角分析

Functions and Limitations of the Administrative Reconsideration System: An Analysis from the Perspective of Governance Effectiveness

摘要: 行政复议制度作为我国行政法体系中的核心制度，兼具权利救济、纠纷化解与行政监督等多重功能。在新《行政复议法》确立复议“主渠道”定位的背景下，其制度价值正从传统的纠错机制扩展为兼具治理效能与体系协同的复合机制。本文在综合分析行政复议制度运行逻辑的基础上，探讨其在程序、组织、工具与协同机制等方面的优势与局限，并从治理效能的角度解释复议制度如何改善权利救济、规范行政行为并提升行政争议的终局化处理能力。

Abstract: As a core institution in my country’s administrative law system, the administrative reconsideration system possesses multiple functions, including rights remedy, dispute resolution, and administrative supervision. With the new Administrative Reconsideration Law establishing reconsideration as the “main channel,” its institutional value is expanding from a traditional error-correction mechanism to a composite mechanism that combines governance effectiveness and systemic synergy. This article, based on a comprehensive analysis of the operational logic of the administrative reconsideration system, explores its advantages and limitations in terms of procedures, organization, tools, and coordination mechanisms. Furthermore, from the perspective of governance effectiveness, it explains how the reconsideration system improves rights remedies, regulates administrative behavior, and enhances the final resolution capability of administrative disputes.