低空经济时代的空地协同电子商务末端即时配送新模式研究

A Study on a New Air-Ground Coordinated Instant Delivery Model for E-Commerce Last-Mile Logistics in the Era of the Low-Altitude Economy

摘要: 随着低空经济(Low-Altitude Economy, LAE)的快速发展，无人机配送作为低空经济的重要应用场景，在电商即时物流领域展现出显著的时效与灵活性优势，但单一空中或地面运输模式难以满足城市高频、规模化配送需求。为此，本文围绕低空经济时代的空地协同即时配送问题，系统梳理了空地协同物流的研究进展，从低空经济特点与多模式协同运输理论出发，构建面向高时效需求的空地协同配送分析框架。以深圳空地协同智慧物流运营中心为典型案例，深入分析空地协同配送的组织特征与运行模式，在此基础上提出涵盖空域层、地面层、协同调度层与服务反馈层的空地协同即时配送系统架构，并从动态任务分配、多模协同路径规划及能源约束等方面探讨优化策略。研究分析表明，空地协同配送模式能够有效提升配送效率与资源利用水平。最后，本文分析了空地协同配送在技术、规划与制度层面面临的挑战，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，为低空经济背景下城市智能物流体系构建提供理论参考与实践启示。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the Low-Altitude Economy (LAE), drone delivery—a key application scenario within this sector—has demonstrated significant advantages in timeliness and flexibility for on-demand logistics. However, relying solely on aerial or ground transportation modes struggles to meet the high-frequency, large-scale delivery demands of urban environments. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews research progress in air-ground collaborative logistics, focusing on the challenges of timely delivery in the low-altitude economy era. Based on the characteristics of the low-altitude economy and multi-modal collaborative transport theory, it constructs an analytical framework for air-ground collaborative delivery tailored to high-efficiency demands. Using Shenzhen’s Air-Ground Collaborative Smart Logistics Operations Center as a case study, it delves into the organizational characteristics and operational models of air-ground collaborative delivery. Based on this analysis, it proposes an air-ground collaborative instant delivery system architecture encompassing airspace, ground, collaborative dispatch, and service feedback layers. Optimization strategies are explored across dynamic task allocation, multi-modal collaborative route planning, and energy constraints. Research findings demonstrate that the air-ground collaborative delivery model effectively enhances delivery efficiency and resource utilization levels. Finally, this paper analyzes challenges in technology, planning, and institutional frameworks for air-ground collaborative delivery, while outlining future research directions. It provides theoretical references and practical insights for constructing urban intelligent logistics systems within the low-altitude economy context.