《遗传学》深度教学的模式构建与实践——基于“分子机制–代谢通路”融合的路径探索

摘要: 针对应用型本科院校遗传学课程中学生普遍存在的“机械记忆、理解不足”问题，本研究探索并实践了一种旨在促进深度学习的教学模式。该模式以“分子机制–代谢通路”的知识融合为内容核心，设计了“图析引导–合作推导–虚拟验证”的阶梯式探究教学法，并构建了与之匹配的、注重过程与能力的发展性评价体系。通过为期两年的教学实践，采用准实验研究法对比分析表明，实施该模式的实验班学生在遗传机制解析类综合题目上的得分率显著高于对照班(平均提升22.5%)。对学生开展的问卷调查及访谈结果也显示，超过90%的学生认可新模式对其深入理解遗传学本质具有积极作用。本研究为在有限学时内实现遗传学课程的深度学习目标，提供了一套经过实证检验、具备可操作性的教学方案，对同类课程的教学创新具有参考意义。

Abstract: To address the prevalent issue of rote memorization and superficial understanding among students in genetics courses at application-oriented undergraduate institutions, this study developed and implemented an instructional model aimed at fostering deep learning. The model is structured around the integration of molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways as its conceptual core. It employs a phased inquiry-based pedagogy consisting of graphical analysis, collaborative deduction, and virtual validation, supported by a process-oriented, competency-focused developmental assessment framework. Over a two-year teaching practice, a quasi-experimental design was adopted to compare learning outcomes. Results indicated that students in the experimental group, who engaged with the new model, achieved significantly higher scores on comprehensive items assessing genetic mechanism analysis compared to the control group, with an average improvement of 22.5%. Data from student surveys and follow-up interviews further revealed that more than 90% of participants perceived the model as effective in enhancing their conceptual understanding of genetic principles. This study offers an evidence-based and practicable instructional framework for achieving deep learning objectives in genetics within constrained curriculum hours, providing a valuable reference for pedagogical innovation in related courses.