优质抗锈病非洲玉米种质资源综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of High-Quality Rust-Resistant African Maize Germplasm Resources

摘要: 为丰富我国玉米优异种质资源储备、拓宽遗传基础，筛选适配中国地区种植的优质抗锈病玉米材料，以15份非洲引进玉米种质为试验材料，郑单958为对照，系统测定生物学性状、抗锈病性及蛋白质相关品质指标。采用相关性分析明确各指标间关联，结合隶属函数法(变异系数确定指标权重)对参试种质进行综合评价。结果表明，15份种质中筛选出6份兼具株高 ≤ 225 cm、紧凑/半紧凑株型及高抗锈病(病情指数 < 20)的材料；相关性分析显示，蛋白质含量与粗蛋白含量呈极显著正相关，综合隶属函数值排名前3的种质为AF13 (0.968)、AF7 (0.892)、AF3 (0.765)。最终确定AF3 (SAQ11)、AF7 (K82)、AF13 (ZMQ203)为综合表现优异的非洲玉米种质，可作为优质抗锈病玉米新品种培育的潜在的优良供体材料。

Abstract: To enrich China’s germplasm resources of superior maize, broaden its genetic base, and identify high-quality rust-resistant maize materials suitable for cultivation in China, 15 maize accessions introduced from Africa were evaluated using Zhengdan 958 as the control. Key biological traits, resistance to southern rust, and protein-related quality attributes were systematically assessed. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationships among measured indices, and a comprehensive evaluation of the tested germplasm was performed using a membership function method, with index weights determined by coefficient of variation. The results revealed that six accessions met the criteria of desirable plant architecture—plant height ≤ 225 cm, compact or semi-compact growth type—and high resistance to rust (disease index < 20). Correlation analysis indicated a highly significant positive relationship between protein content and crude protein content. Based on the integrated membership function values, the top three ranked accessions were AF13 (0.968), AF7 (0.892), and AF3 (0.765). Consequently, AF3 (SAQ11), AF7 (K82), and AF13 (ZMQ203) were identified as good African maize germplasm with excellent overall performance, showing strong potential as elite donor materials for breeding new maize varieties with high quality and rust resistance.