妊娠期缺铁性贫血的研究现状与突破
The Current State and Breakthroughs in Research on Iron Deficiency Anemia during Pregnancy
摘要: 妊娠期贫血一直是共同关注的话题，也是孕期最常见的并发症之一，以缺铁性贫血最常见，是严重影响母婴健康的重要公共卫生问题。贫血对母儿健康均可造成不良影响，如增加妊娠期高血压、产后出血、产褥感染的风险，以及导致胎儿生长受限、早产、低出生体重儿，甚至对后代的神经发育产生负面影响。当前全球贫血的诊断标准存在争议，对妊娠结局的影响和补铁策略存在分歧。本文系统综述了妊娠期贫血的流行病学特征、病理生理机制、诊断方法、对母婴的影响以及临床管理策略及预防措施。通过对现有文献的综合分析，旨在为临床工作者提供最新的理论和实践指导，以改善母婴预后。
Abstract: Anemia during pregnancy remains a subject of shared clinical concern and represents one of the most prevalent complications in gestation, with iron-deficiency anemia being the most common subtype. It constitutes a significant public health issue that severely impacts maternal and infant health outcomes. Anemia adversely affects both maternal and fetal well-being, increasing the risks of gestational hypertension, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infections, as well as contributing to fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, low birth weight, and even negative impacts on offspring neuro development. Current global diagnostic criteria for anemia remain contentious, with ongoing debates regarding its influence on pregnancy outcomes and iron supplementation strategies. This article provides a systematic review of the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, maternal and fetal consequences, clinical management strategies, and preventive measures for gestational anemia. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, it aims to offer updated theoretical and practical guidance for healthcare practitioners to improve maternal and neonatal prognoses.
文章引用：卢妍, 贺译平, 魏君香, 陈偲敏, 王心如, 刘一迪. 妊娠期缺铁性贫血的研究现状与突破[J]. 医学诊断, 2026, 16(1): 58-65. https://doi.org/10.12677/md.2026.161009

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