心理健康教育课对高职新生积极心理品质的影响研究

A Study on the Impact of Mental Health Education Courses on the Positive Psychological Qualities of Vocational Freshmen

摘要: 基于积极心理学视角，旨在探究心理健康教育课程对高职新生积极心理品质的干预效果。采用《中国大学生积极心理品质量表》对155名高职新生(男57人，女98人)开展为期18周的教育干预实验。结果表明：高职新生积极心理品质总分均值为3.67 (SD = 0.52)，各维度均分排序为：人性与爱(4.02) > 正直与勇气(3.88) > 正义与合作(3.67) > 灵性与超越(3.70) > 智能与知识(3.50) > 自我管理与谦逊(3.23)；积极心理品质在初高中是否开设心理健康课上差异显著(p < 0.05)，在性别、生源地、是否独生子女上无显著差异(p > 0.05)；18周干预后实验班前后测在积极心理品质总分、智能与知识、自我管理与谦逊、灵性与超越上差异显著(p < 0.05)。结论：心理健康课程能有效提升高职新生积极心理品质，尤其对认知类与自控类品质促进显著，且早期心理健康教育经历具有持续积极影响。

Abstract: From the perspective of positive psychology, this study aims to explore the interventional effect of mental health education courses on the positive psychological qualities of vocational freshmen. Using the Chinese College Student Positive Psychological Qualities Scale, an 18-week educational intervention experiment was conducted with 155 vocational freshmen (57 males, 98 females). The results showed that the average total score of positive psychological qualities among vocational freshmen was 3.67 (SD = 0.52). The average scores across dimensions were ranked as follows: Humanity and Love (4.02) > Integrity and Courage (3.88) > Justice and Cooperation (3.67) > Spirituality and Transcendence (3.70) > Intelligence and Knowledge (3.50) > Self-Management and Humility (3.23). Significant differences in positive psychological qualities were found based on whether mental health courses were offered in junior or senior high school (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in terms of gender, place of origin, or being the only child (p > 0.05). After the 18-week intervention, significant differences were identified in the total score of positive psychological qualities, as well as in the dimensions of Intelligence and Knowledge, Self-Management and Humility, and Spirituality and Transcendence (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Mental health courses can effectively enhance the positive psychological qualities of vocational freshmen, particularly in cognitive and self-control-related dimensions, and early mental health education experiences have a sustained positive impact.