慢性疼痛的维医治疗及现代研究进展

Uyghur Medicine Treatment of Chronic Pain and Advances in Modern Research

摘要: 慢性疼痛是一种持续超过3个月、常伴功能障碍与情绪问题的复杂临床综合征，全球发病率高达20%~45%，已成为重大公共卫生负担。维医学基于其独特的气质–体液理论体系，将慢性疼痛分为热性、寒性、干性、湿性及气性等多种类型，并依据解剖部位和病机进行精准辨证。治疗上强调“祛邪调质、通阻止痛”，广泛运用清热、散寒、祛风、祛湿、活血、安神等功效的维药材及复方制剂，如祖卡木颗粒、复方木尼孜其颗粒、通滞苏润江胶囊等，在类风湿关节炎、带状疱疹后遗神经痛、心绞痛、痛经等多种慢性疼痛疾病中显示出良好疗效。现代药理研究证实，马齿苋、蜀葵花、车前草、肉桂、乳香、红花等维药具有显著抗炎、镇痛及神经调节作用，机制涉及抑制前列腺素、TNF-α、IL-1β等炎症因子及调控NLRP3、α7nAChR等信号通路。此外，贴敷、沙疗、药浴、熏蒸等特色外治疗法进一步丰富了维医综合干预手段。维医药治疗慢性疼痛具有多靶点、整体调节、安全性高、患者依从性好等优势，未来需加强标准化、机制深化及循证医学研究，推动其在现代疼痛管理中的整合应用。

Abstract: Chronic pain is a complex clinical syndrome lasting more than three months, frequently accompanied by functional impairment and emotional disturbances. With a global prevalence of 20%~45%, it has become a major public health burden. Uyghur medicine, grounded in its unique temperament–humoral theory, classifies chronic pain into multiple types—including hot, cold, dry, damp, and qi-related patterns—and performs precise syndrome differentiation based on anatomical location and pathogenesis. Therapeutically, it emphasizes “expelling pathogenic factors, regulating humoral balance, unblocking obstruction, and relieving pain,” and widely employs Uyghur medicinal herbs and compound formulations with actions such as clearing heat, dispelling cold, eliminating wind, resolving dampness, promoting blood circulation, and calming the spirit. Formulations like Zuka Mu Granules, Compound Muniziqi Granules, and Tongzhi Surunjiang Capsules have demonstrated favorable efficacy in various chronic pain conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, postherpetic neuralgia, angina pectoris, and dysmenorrhea. Modern pharmacological studies confirm that Uyghur medicinal herbs—such as Portulaca oleracea, Althaea rosea flowers, Plantago asiatica, Cinnamomum cassia, Boswellia resin, and Carthamus tinctorius—exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuromodulatory effects. Their mechanisms involve inhibiting inflammatory mediators (e.g., prostaglandins, TNF-α, IL-1β) and modulating signaling pathways such as NLRP3 and α7nAChR. Furthermore, distinctive external therapies—including herbal plasters, sand therapy, medicinal baths, and fumigation—enrich the integrative intervention strategies of Uyghur medicine. Uyghur medicine offers advantages in treating chronic pain through multi-target effects, holistic regulation, high safety, and good patient compliance. Future efforts should focus on standardization, deeper mechanistic exploration, and evidence-based research to promote its integration into modern pain management.