飞行员心理韧性的影响因素与作用

The Influencing Factors and Functional Mechanisms of Psychological Resilience in Pilots

摘要: 心理韧性是飞行员在高风险职业环境中保持卓越绩效与身心健康的核心心理能力。本文通过整合性文献综述，构建了飞行员“影响因素–心理韧性–职业结果”理论框架。研究发现，飞行员心理韧性受损耗性因素(如工作压力、轮班制度)与增益性因素(如人格特质、社会支持)共同影响，并在认知功能、行为表现、情绪适应、生理反应及职业状态五个维度发挥关键作用。高心理韧性飞行员表现出更强的认知灵活性、更稳定的安全行为、更优的情绪调节能力、更平衡的生理反应以及更高的职业满意度。当前研究在机制探讨、测量方法及干预应用等方面仍存在局限。未来研究应着力构建循证化、分阶段的飞行员心理韧性干预体系，开发多模态评估体系，关注因素间的交互效应，并构建符合中国航空文化背景的心理韧性培养方案。本文为深化飞行员心理韧性理论研究和实践应用提供了系统框架。

Abstract: Psychological resilience is a core psychological capacity that enables pilots to maintain excellent performance and well-being in high-risk occupational environments. This paper constructs an “influencing factors-psychological resilience-occupational outcomes” theoretical framework for pilots through an integrative literature review. The findings indicate that pilot psychological resilience is shaped by both depleting factors (e.g., work pressure, shift systems) and enhancing factors (e.g., personality traits, social support), and plays a critical role across five dimensions: cognitive functioning, behavioral performance, emotional adaptation, physiological response, and career well-being. Pilots with higher psychological resilience demonstrate stronger cognitive flexibility, more consistent safety behaviors, more effective emotion regulation, more balanced physiological reactions, and greater job satisfaction. Current research still faces limitations in exploring underlying mechanisms, measurement approaches, and practical interventions. Future studies should focus on developing evidence-based, stage-specific resilience intervention systems, develop multimodal assessment systems, examine interactive effects among contributing factors, and design resilience-building programs tailored to China’s aviation culture. This paper offers a systematic framework to advance both theoretical understanding and practical application of psychological resilience among pilots.