庄子的“至乐”思想研究

Research on Zhuangzi’s Thought of “Ultimate Joy”

摘要: 本研究以《庄子》中的“至乐”思想为核心，构建了“桎梏”“悬解”的论证路径。首先分析《庄子》文本中两种主要的“桎梏”之苦：“忧其无所用”与“忧其无所容”。其次，“至乐”是不为穷通所移的得道者之乐，是没有预设条件的本自具足之乐。然后，文章从“知”与“养神”各维度梳理了庄子的“悬解”路径。在“知”的层面，以“知止”来涵养“知之所不知”；在养“神”层面，通过“养吾生之真主人”来实现“以无厚入有间”。最后，庄子的“至乐”思想指向一种通过大树自合归根本乡的生命理想，其为缓解现代性生存困境提供了重要的古典哲学资源。

Abstract: This study takes the “ultimate joy” thought in Zhuangzi as its core and constructs an argumentative path of “shackles” and “release”. Firstly, it analyzes the two main kinds of “shackle” sufferings in Zhuangzi’s text: “worrying about being of no use” and “worrying about being not accepted”. Secondly, “ultimate joy” is the joy of the enlightened one that is not moved by poverty or wealth, and it is a joy that is self-sufficient without any preconditions. Then, the article sorts out Zhuangzi’s “release” path from the dimensions of “knowledge” and “nourishing the spirit”. At the level of “knowledge”, “knowing when to stop” is used to cultivate “what knowledge does not know”; at the level of nourishing the “spirit”, “nourishing the true master of my life” is achieved to realize “entering the gap with no thickness”. Finally, Zhuangzi’s “ultimate joy” thought points to a life ideal of returning to the root and origin through the self-conformity of the great tree, which provides an important classical philosophical resource for alleviating the predicament of modernity.