马克思《巴黎手稿》中的身体异化思想研究

Research on the Idea of Body Alienation in Marx’s “Paris Manuscripts”

摘要: 学界对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中异化理论的研究多集中在劳动、类本质等范畴，很少触及“身体”这一存在维度。马克思在论述异化劳动时始终立足身体维度展开，身体异化与劳动异化具有辩证统一性。资本主义生产方式下，私有制、雇佣劳动及资本增殖逻辑致使人感性对象性丧失，推动身体走向工具化、肉体化、符号化及片面化的异化形态。消除身体异化需破除私有制、变革劳动方式、构建新型身体观与交往形式，使身体摆脱资本奴役，回归人的自由全面发展。

Abstract: Current research on the theory of alienation in Marx’s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 has predominantly focused on concepts such as labor and species-being, with relatively little attention paid to the dimension of “body” as a mode of existence. In his discussion of alienated labor, Marx consistently grounds his analysis in the bodily dimension, revealing a dialectical unity between bodily alienation and labor alienation. Under the capitalist mode of production, private ownership, wage labor, and the logic of capital accumulation lead to the loss of human sensuous objectivity, thereby propelling the body into alienated forms such as instrumentalization, physicalization, symbolization, and one-sidedness. Overcoming bodily alienation requires abolishing private ownership, transforming labor practices, and constructing new conceptions of the body as well as forms of social interaction, thereby liberating the body from the domination of capital and restoring its role in the free and comprehensive development of the human being.