资本主义父权制批判——马克思资本现代性批判的性别视角

Critique of Capitalist Patriarchy—A Gendered Perspective in Marx’s Critique of Capitalist Modernity

摘要: 父权制构成性别压迫深刻的制度性根源，其形态与特定历史阶段的物质生产方式相互建构，因此对父权制的批判必须深入到生产方式的根本维度。在资本主义为主导的现代社会，父权制依托私有制基础呈现出新形态：通过雇佣劳动领域的制度性歧视将女性塑造为“次级劳动力”，并借助再生产劳动的私有化与无偿化实现劳动力再生产的低成本运作，从而服务于资本积累。对资本主义父权制的批判，其矛头必然指向资本主义私有制本身。马克思主义在此提供了关键的批判路径，其解放方案聚焦于三维革命：消灭私有制以根除剥削基础、推动再生产劳动社会化以解放女性、展开彻底的意识形态批判以瓦解父权观念，最终实现阶级解放与性别解放的历史性统一。

Abstract: Patriarchy constitutes the profound institutional root of gender oppression. Its form is mutually constructed with the material mode of production specific to a given historical stage; therefore, the critique of patriarchy must delve into the fundamental dimension of the mode of production. In modern society, dominated by capitalism, patriarchy assumes a new form based on private ownership: it shapes women into a “secondary labor force” through institutional discrimination in the realm of wage labor and achieves low-cost operation of labor-power reproduction through the privatization and unpaid status of reproductive labor, thereby serving capital accumulation. The critique of capitalist patriarchy inevitably targets capitalist private ownership itself. Marxism provides a crucial critical path here, with its emancipation program focusing on a threefold revolution: the abolition of private ownership to eradicate the basis of exploitation, the promotion of the socialization of reproductive labor to liberate women, and the waging of a thorough ideological critique to dismantle patriarchal notions, ultimately achieving the historic unity of class liberation and gender liberation.