中暑发生发展机制以及预警模型构建的研究现状

Research Status on the Pathogenesis and Development Mechanisms of Heatstroke and the Construction of Early Warning Models

摘要: 近年来，热相关疾病的发病率呈现持续上升趋势，这与气候变化、空气污染、高危暴露等因素密切相关，对人们的生产生活产生负面影响。热相关疾病发展至终末阶段会转化为最严重的形式——热射病，也称为重度中暑。重度中暑最常见的临床表现为核心体温大于40℃且伴有中枢神经系统功能异常如嗜睡、晕厥、狂躁等。现有大量研究表明，中暑的发病机制涉及炎症介质释放、细胞氧化应激与死亡以及凝血功能失调等过程。本综述从重度中暑的病理生理学出发，归纳中暑分子机制的研究以及相关预测模型的构建，为进一步研究热射病奠定理论基础并指导研究方向。

Abstract: In recent years, the incidence of heat-related illnesses has shown a continuous upward trend, closely associated with factors such as climate change, air pollution, and high-risk exposure, which negatively impact people’s production and daily life. When heat-related illnesses progress to their terminal stage, they can transform into their most severe form—heatstroke, also known as severe heat illness. The most common clinical manifestations of severe heat illness include a core body temperature exceeding 40˚C, accompanied by abnormalities in central nervous system function such as lethargy, syncope, and mania. Numerous existing studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of heatstroke involves processes such as the release of inflammatory mediators, cellular oxidative stress and death, and coagulation dysfunction. This review starts with the pathophysiology of severe heat illness, summarizes research on the molecular mechanisms of heatstroke and the construction of related predictive models, laying a theoretical foundation and guiding research directions for further studies on heatstroke.