养老机构老年人口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Oral Frailty among the Elderly in Nursing Homes

摘要: 目的：调查唐山市养老机构老年人口腔衰弱现状并分析其影响因素，为针对性干预提供参考依据。方法：采取便利抽样法，于2024年7月~2025年2月选取唐山市8家养老机构老年人作为调查对象，年龄 ≥ 60岁，采用一般资料问卷、口腔衰弱指数-8量表、简易精神状态量表、阿森斯失眠量表、社会支持量表、衰弱风险筛查工具、微型营养评定简表、简版老年抑郁量表、7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表等进行调查，了解其口腔衰弱现状，采用logistic回归分析其相关影响因素。结果：400名养老机构老年人中，251名存在口腔衰弱，发生率为62.75%。Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄 ≥ 90岁、学历小学及以下、月收入低于1000元、糖尿病、口干、机构未提供口腔清洁服务、护理员不进行口腔健康宣教、社会支持差、衰弱及焦虑是养老机构老年人口腔衰弱的影响因素。结论：养老机构老年人口腔衰弱发生率高，养老机构应建立健全老年人口腔健康筛查处理机制，护理员应关注高龄、衰弱、口干等特征性老年人，及时评估其口腔衰弱情况，实施针对性干预措施，以减少老年人口腔健康危机的发生。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current status of oral frailty and analyze its influencing factors among the elderly in nursing homes in Tangshan City, so as to provide a reference basis for targeted interventions. Methods: A convenience sampling method was adopted. From July 2024 to February 2025, elderly residents aged ≥ 60 years or older from 8 nursing homes in Tangshan City were selected as the research subjects. A general information questionnaire, the Oral Frailty Index-8 Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Frailty Risk Screening Tool, the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were used for the survey to understand the current status of oral frailty. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the relevant influencing factors. Results: Among the 400 elderly participants in nursing homes, 251 were found to have oral frailty, with an incidence rate of 62.75%. Logistic regression analysis results showed that the influencing factors of oral frailty included age ≥ 90 years old, educational level of primary school or below, monthly income less than 1000 yuan, diabetes mellitus, xerostomia, absence of oral cleaning services provided by nursing homes, lack of oral health education delivered by caregivers, poor social support, frailty, and anxiety. Conclusion: The incidence of oral frailty among the elderly in nursing homes is relatively high. Nursing homes should establish and improve the oral health screening and management mechanisms for the elderly. Caregivers should pay close attention to elderly people with characteristics such as advanced age, frailty, and xerostomia, conduct timely assessments of their oral frailty status, and implement targeted interventions to reduce the occurrence of oral health crises in the elderly.