应急志愿服务绩效结果的异质性研究——基于“协同–专业”框架的多案例比较

A Study on the Heterogeneity of Performance Outcomes in Emergency Volunteer Services—A Multi-Case Comparison Based on the “Collaboration-Specialization” Framework

摘要: 面对频发的灾害事件，应急志愿服务作为政府救援力量的补充，在迅速响应、调配资源、心理疏导、灾后重建等方面展现出独特价值与不可或缺的作用，但此类行动参与救灾的有效性仍待厘清。本文使用类型学研究方法，从“协同性”和“专业化”两个维度来解释现实中应急志愿服务行动的多种绩效结果，并就出现的绩效结果占优、绩效结果显现、绩效结果偏离、绩效结果失效四种情况进行案例分析。通过对我国抗洪救灾场景下4家志愿服务组织参与救灾的过程、面临问题及绩效结果的分析，初步解释和验证了协同性与专业化塑造的多种绩效结果，并预测不同组织类型在应急网络中的可能角色与行动路径。

Abstract: In response to frequent disaster events, emergency volunteer services, as a supplement to government rescue efforts, demonstrate unique value and indispensable roles in rapid response, resource allocation, psychological support, and post-disaster reconstruction. However, the effectiveness of such actions in disaster relief remains to be clarified. This paper adopts a typological research approach to explain the diverse performance outcomes of emergency volunteer services in practice, based on the two dimensions of “collaboration” and “specialization”. It further conducts case analyses of four performance scenarios: superior performance, emergent performance, deviated performance, and ineffective performance. Through an examination of the processes, challenges, and performance outcomes of four volunteer service organizations involved in flood rescue operations in China, this study preliminarily explains and verifies the multiple performance outcomes shaped by collaboration and specialization, and predicts the possible roles and action paths of different organization types in the emergency network.