钛白废酸制备高性能磷酸铁锂的工艺试验
Process Experiment on Preparing High-Performance Lithium Iron Phosphate from Titanium Dioxide Waste Acid
摘要: 2025上半年钛白粉产量已达到230.50万吨，以硫酸法为主制备钛白粉过程中会产生大量废酸。钛白废酸中除含有大量有价元素Fe外，还含有Ti，Al，Cr等杂质。钛白废酸的处理不当，不仅会造成环境污染，更不利于经济的可持续发展。随着新能源的迅速发展，对锂离子电池的需求日益增多，磷酸铁锂正极材料凭借着其低成本高性能的特点在锂电池中占据一席之地。针对这一特点，本工艺开发一条以钛白废酸为铁源，制备电池级磷酸铁用于合成高性能磷酸铁锂的工艺回收路线。工作中通过沉淀法从高杂的钛白废酸中回收铁，再经过烧结得到电池级无水磷酸铁，最后通过固相法合成磷酸铁锂正极材料。通过元素测试(ICP)说明磷酸纯化法的必要性，扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X衍射线的分析验证合成工艺的结构可行性，电化学结果为该材料在1 C克的容量为152.3 mA∙h∙g−1，在500圈循环后，容量保持率为98.1%，进一步验证该材料商业化的可行性。
Abstract: In the first half of 2025, the titanium dioxide production reached 2.305 million tons, with the sulfate process being the primary method for its production, which generates substantial amounts of waste acid. In addition to valuable elements like iron (Fe), the titanium dioxide waste acid also contains impurities, such as titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr). Improper disposal of titanium dioxide waste acid not only causes environmental pollution but also hinders sustainable economic development. With the rapid advancement of new energy technologies, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has been increasing. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials have secured a prominent position in lithium batteries due to their low cost and high performance. Leveraging these advantages, this process develops a recycling route using titanium dioxide waste acid as an iron source to produce battery-grade iron phosphate for synthesizing high-performance lithium iron phosphate. The iron was recovered from highly impure titanium dioxide waste acid via precipitation, followed by sintering to obtain battery-grade anhydrous iron phosphate. Finally, the lithium iron phosphate cathode material was synthesized through a solid-phase method. Elemental testing (ICP) demonstrated the necessity of phosphate purification, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the structural feasibility of the synthesis process. Electrochemical results showed that the material delivered a capacity of 152.3 mA∙h∙g−1 at 1 C and maintained a capacity retention rate of 98.1% after 500 cycles, further validating its commercial viability.
文章引用：左珂, 徐彦. 钛白废酸制备高性能磷酸铁锂的工艺试验[J]. 材料科学, 2026, 16(2): 90-96. https://doi.org/10.12677/ms.2026.162026

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