加油站周边地下水中1,2-二氯乙烷污染特征及风险评价

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of 1,2-Dichloroethane in Groundwater around Gas Stations

摘要: 加油站作为城市能源供应中的重要基础设施，在保障交通运行和居民生产生活方面发挥着不可替代的作用。一旦发生渗漏，容易对周边地下水环境造成持续性污染，进而对人体健康构成潜在风险。本研究以1,2-二氯乙烷为研究对象，共设立9个采样点，使用气相色谱法进行测定。并对地下水中1,2-二氯乙烷的致癌风险和非致癌风险进行评价。结果显示：(1) 在研究区内地下水样本中检出率较高，超标率达到88.89%，浓度最高可达3.202 mg/L，表面地下水已受到严重污染。(2) 最大值和95% UCL两种浓度所算得的致癌风险值与非致癌危害商，均远远大于可接受风险水平。表明1,2-二氯乙烷对人体存在较大风险。本研究为加油站地下水环境风险管控和公众健康保护提供科学依据。

Abstract: Gas stations are important infrastructures in urban energy supply systems and play a vital role in supporting transportation and residents’ daily activities. Leakage events may cause persistent groundwater contamination and pose potential risks to human health. In this study, 1,2-dichloroethane was selected as the target contaminant. Groundwater samples were collected from nine monitoring sites, and the concentrations of 1,2-dichloroethane were determined using gas chromatography. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were evaluated. The results showed that (1) 1,2-dichloroethane was widely detected in groundwater, with an exceedance rate of 88.89% and a maximum concentration of 3.202 mg/L, indicating severe contamination of groundwater; (2) the carcinogenic risk values and non-carcinogenic hazard quotients calculated using both the maximum concentration and the 95% upper confidence limit are far above the acceptable risk thresholds, indicating that 1,2-dichloroethane poses a substantial risk to human health. This study provides a scientific basis for groundwater environmental risk management at gas stations and for the protection of public health.