运动员运动倦怠的应对措施：从个体赋能到系统支持

Addressing Athlete Burnout: From Individual Empowerment to Systemic Support

摘要: 在建设体育强国的背景下，运动员心理健康问题愈发受重视，而运动倦怠则是影响运动员身心健康与职业生涯发展的突出因素。本文旨在通过系统梳理运动倦怠领域的核心理论模型和影响因素研究，提出了从个体压力–应激模型发展为整合心理、人际与社会结构的系统化框架的综合性干预策略。基于此，文章指出有效的应对策略应超越个体层面的单一干预，构建一个多层次支持体系，具体包括：强化心理资本、培养多元身份认同、构建社会支持网络和推动组织制度变革，以期为运动员身心健康发展提供科学的理论指导与实践支持。

Abstract: In the context of building a powerful sports nation, the psychological health of athletes has received increasing attention. Athlete burnout is a prominent factor affecting their well-being and career development. By systematically reviewing the core theoretical models and influencing factors of athlete burnout, this paper aims to propose comprehensive intervention strategies. The understanding of athlete burnout has evolved from early individual stress-response models to a systematic framework that integrates psychological, interpersonal, and social-structural factors. Based on this, the paper argues that effective strategies must transcend interventions focused solely on the individual and instead establish a multi-level support system. Its core components should include: enhancing psychological capital, fostering multiple identity development, building social support networks, and promoting organizational and institutional reforms. This paper aims to provide more scientific theoretical guidance and practical support for the holistic development of Chinese athletes.