少数民族大学生感知压力对返乡就业意愿的影响：家乡依恋的中介作用

Perceived Stress and Return-to-Hometown Employment Intention among Ethnic Minority College Students: The Mediating Role of Hometown Attachment

摘要: 目的：探讨感知压力对少数民族大学生返乡就业意愿的影响，以及家乡依恋在两者间是否起到中介作用。方法：采用方便取样法，以知觉压力量表、回乡就业意愿问卷和地方依恋量表对588名少数民族大学生进行问卷调查，采用相关分析、回归分析和结构方程构建等方法分析数据。结果：① 感知压力与家乡依恋呈显著负相关(r = −0.11, P < 0.01)，与返乡就业意愿呈显著负相关(r = −0.08, P < 0.05)，家乡依恋与返乡就业意愿呈显著正相关(r = 0.70, P < 0.01)；② 控制协变量后，家乡依恋显著正向预测返乡就业意愿(β = 0.21, P < 0.001)；③ 家乡依恋在感知压力与返乡就业意愿之间起完全中介作用[−0.05, 95CI (−0.083, −0.008)]。结论：感知压力不能直接影响大学生的返乡就业意愿，而是通过降低家乡依恋水平间接产生负向影响，这一发现为提升大学生返乡就业意愿提供了理论依据和实践启示。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the impact of perceived stress on the intention to return to hometown employment among ethnic minority college students, and to examine whether hometown attachment mediates this relationship. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, 588 college students were surveyed with the Perceived Stress Scale, the Intention to Return to Hometown Employment Questionnaire, and the Place Attachment Scale. Data were analyzed through correlation analysis, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results: ① Perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with hometown attachment (r = −0.11, P < 0.01) and with the intention to return to hometown employment (r = −0.08, P < 0.05). Hometown attachment was significantly positively correlated with the intention to return to hometown employment (r = 0.70, P < 0.01). ② After controlling for covariates, hometown attachment significantly and positively predicted the intention to return to hometown employment (β = 0.21, P < 0.001). ③ Hometown attachment fully mediated the relationship between perceived stress and the intention to return to hometown employment [−0.05, 95% CI (−0.083, −0.008)]. Conclusion: Perceived stress does not directly affect college students’ intention to return to hometown employment but indirectly exerts a negative influence by reducing their level of hometown attachment. This finding provides theoretical and practical insights for enhancing college students’ intention to return to their hometowns for employment.