宿舍社会排斥对大学生亲社会行为的影响——一个有调节的中介模型

The Impact of Dormitory Social Exclusion on College Students’ Prosocial Behavior—A Moderated Mediation Model

摘要: 大学宿舍作为大学生社会化过程中的关键微系统，其内部的人际互动质量对个体的心理适应与发展具有重要影响。本研究基于社会排斥的“需求威胁模型”与Rahim的“冲突应对理论”，构建一个有调节的中介模型，旨在检验宿舍情境中社会排斥影响大学生亲社会行为过程中，冲突应对方式的中介作用与共情的调节作用。采用问卷法对410名在校住宿大学生进行调查。结果发现：(1) 在控制人口学变量后，社会排斥能直接负向预测亲社会行为；(2) 冲突应对方式在社会排斥与亲社会行为之间起多重并行中介作用。合作应对与竞争应对承担显著的负向中介作用，而顺从应对则呈现独特的正向中介效应，回避应对的中介作用不显著；(3) 共情调节了社会排斥通过合作应对影响亲社会行为的间接路径。简单斜率分析表明，社会排斥对合作应对的负向预测作用仅在共情水平较高的个体中显著，而在共情水平较低的个体中不显著。本研究揭示了宿舍社会排斥影响亲社会行为的复杂路径，并明确了共情在其中的调节角色，为理解宿舍人际互动及开展针对性干预提供了依据。

Abstract: As a critical microsystem within the socialization process of university students, the quality of interpersonal interactions within dormitories significantly influences individuals’ psychological adjustment and development. Grounded in the “Need-Threat Model” of social exclusion and Rahim’s “Conflict Management Theory,” this study constructs a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of conflict management styles and the moderating role of empathy in the relationship between social exclusion in dormitory settings and prosocial behavior among university students. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 410 on-campus residential university students. The results indicate that: (1) After controlling for demographic variables, social exclusion directly and negatively predicts prosocial behavior; (2) Conflict management styles play multiple parallel mediating roles in the relationship between social exclusion and prosocial behavior. Cooperative and competitive approaches serve as significant negative mediators, whereas accommodating style exhibits a unique positive mediating effect. The mediating effect of avoiding style is not significant; (3) Empathy moderates the indirect pathway through which social exclusion influences prosocial behavior via cooperative conflict management. Simple slope analysis reveals that the negative predictive effect of social exclusion on cooperative conflict management is significant only among individuals with higher levels of empathy and non-significant among those with lower empathy levels. This study elucidates the complex pathways through which social exclusion in dormitories affects prosocial behavior and clarifies the moderating role of empathy, providing insights for understanding interpersonal dynamics in dormitories and developing targeted interventions.