《德意志意识形态》的当代在场：历史唯物主义与中国实践的理论互构

The Contemporary Presence of “The German Ideology”: The Theoretical Mutual Construction of Historical Materialism and Chinese Practice

摘要: 《德意志意识形态》作为历史唯物主义诞生的标志性文献，其理论贡献不仅在于完成了对德意志意识形态及其哲学基础的彻底清算，更在于确立了一套从“现实的个人”及其物质实践出发、以生产力与生产关系矛盾运动为分析主线、深刻把握社会历史发展规律的科学方法论体系。本文认为，在当代数字技术革命方兴未艾、新质生产力重塑经济格局、人类对现代化道路的探索日益多元以及全球秩序面临深度调整的复杂背景下，重返这一理论原点并进行创造性阐释，具有至关重要的时代意义。本文依据《形态》所奠定的历史唯物主义方法论，遵循从“现实的个人”到“世界历史”的内在逻辑，构建了一个“个体生存–社会矛盾–文明道路–全球秩序”从微观到宏观的层级递进的分析框架。该框架将经典范畴与四大当代场域进行理论对接：以“现实的个人”范畴审视数字时代人的生存境遇，以“生产力与交往形式”的矛盾原理剖析新质生产力引发的变革，以“社会形态演进”理论阐释中国式现代化的文明意蕴，并以“世界历史”思想观照人类命运共同体的全球实践。通过这一结构化的对话，本文旨在系统论证历史唯物主义不仅能为诊断当代问题提供分析工具，其理论自身也在与实践的深度互构中实现着时代化发展。

Abstract: “The German Ideology”, as a landmark document marking the birth of historical materialism, not only thoroughly cleared up the German ideology and its philosophical foundation but also established a scientific methodological system that starts from “real individuals” and their material practices, takes the contradiction movement between productive forces and production relations as the main line of analysis, and profoundly grasps the laws of social and historical development. This article holds that, against the complex backdrop of the ongoing digital technology revolution, the reshaping of the economic landscape by new productive forces, the increasingly diverse exploration of modernization paths by humanity, and the profound adjustment of the global order, returning to this theoretical origin and making creative interpretations is of crucial contemporary significance. Based on the historical materialist methodology laid down by “The German Ideology” and following the internal logic from “real individuals” to “world history”, this article constructs an analytical framework that progresses from micro to macro levels: “individual survival-social contradictions-civilization paths-global order”. This framework theoretically connects classic categories with four contemporary domains: it examines the survival conditions of people in the digital age through the category of “real individuals”, analyzes the changes brought about by new productive forces using the principle of the contradiction between productive forces and forms of interaction, explains the civilizational implications of Chinese-style modernization with the theory of the evolution of social forms, and observes the global practice of the community with a shared future for mankind through the idea of “world history”. Through this structured dialogue, this article aims to systematically demonstrate that historical materialism can not only provide analytical tools for diagnosing contemporary issues but also achieve its own development in keeping with the times through deep interaction with practice.