湘东北万古金矿床钨矿化流体来源与演化机制
The Source and Evolution Mechanism of Tungsten Mineralized Fluid in the Wangu Gold Deposit in Northeastern Hunan
DOI: 10.12677/ag.2026.162013, PDF,   
作者: 吴圣刚：湖南黄金天岳矿业有限公司，湖南 岳阳；陈孝刚, 陈俊辉, 贺 坤, 庄益纯, 穆家乐, 黄浩南, 李 成：湖南黄金洞矿业有限责任公司，湖南 岳阳
关键词: 白钨矿；成矿物理化学环境；成矿流体来源；万古金矿床；Scheelite； Physical and Chemical Environment for Mineralization； Source of Ore-Forming Fluids； Wangu Gold Deposit
摘要: 万古金矿床位于湘东北长沙–平江金矿带北西部，赋存于新元古界冷家溪群变质板岩中，受到NE向深大断裂和近EW向韧性剪切带联合控制，金资源量约85 t，主要发育石英–硫化物脉、蚀变岩和构造角砾岩型矿化。根据野外地质调研和显微岩相学观察，该矿床热液作用分为三个阶段：(1) 石英–白钨矿阶段(成矿早期)；(2) 石英–含金硫化物阶段(成矿期)；(3) 石英–碳酸盐阶段(成矿晚期)。白钨矿是万古金矿床早期热液活动的产物，呈现黄白色附着于乳白色贫金石英脉中，基于显微镜下和阴极发光结构特征，将白钨矿分为两个世代：① Sch1，发育较早且分布广泛，阴极发光强度相对较弱；② Sch2，发育较晚且分布较少，阴极发光强度略强。微区原位微量元素分析表明，两个世代白钨矿均具有δEu > 1和δCe > 1的特征，且稀土配分模式显示显著的正Eu异常，反映二者均沉淀于还原环境，其中Sch2形成的氧逸度高于Sch1。万古金矿床白钨矿晶体表面均匀，未见振荡环带，兼具高Sr、低Mo含量及与变质流体相关的稀土配分模式，这些特征均与全球典型造山型金矿床中变质成因白钨矿的地球化学行为一致。综上，万古金矿床白钨矿的地球化学组成支持其钨成矿流体主要来源于深部变质流体的认识。
Abstract: The Wangu Gold Deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Changsha-Pingjiang gold belt in northeastern Hunan. It is hosted in the metamorphic slate of the Neoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group and is jointly controlled by NE-trending deep faults and approximately EW-trending ductile shear zones. With gold resources totaling approximately 85 tons, the deposit mainly exhibits quartz-sulfide veins, altered rock and tectonic breccia-type mineralization. Based on field geological work and microscopic petrographic observations, the hydrothermal process in this deposit can be divided into three stages: (1) quartz-scheelite stage (pre-gold); (2) quartz-sulfide-gold stage (syn-gold); and (3) quartz-carbonate stage (post-gold). Scheelite is a product of the early hydrothermal process in the Wangu Gold Deposit, appearing yellowish-white and attached to milky quartz veins. Based on microscopic and cathodoluminescence (CL) structural characteristics, the scheelite can be divided into two generations: ① Sch1, which formed earlier and is widely distributed, exhibiting relatively weak CL intensity; and ② Sch2, which formed later and is less abundant, showing slightly stronger CL intensity. Microscale in-situ trace element analyses reveal that both generations of scheelite exhibit δEu > 1 and δCe > 1, with rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns showing significant positive Eu anomalies. These features indicate that both generations precipitated in a reducing environment, with the oxygen fugacity during the formation of Sch2 being higher than that of Sch1. The scheelite crystals in the Wangu Gold Deposit have smooth surfaces with no oscillatory zoning. They are characterized by high Sr content, low Mo content, and REE distribution patterns associated with metamorphic fluids. These features are consistent with the geochemical behavior of metamorphic-origin scheelite found in typical global orogenic gold deposits. In summary, the geochemical composition of the scheelite in the Wangu Gold Deposit supports the interpretation that the tungsten mineralization fluid primarily originated from deep-seated metamorphic fluids.
文章引用：吴圣刚, 陈孝刚, 陈俊辉, 贺坤, 庄益纯, 穆家乐, 黄浩南, 李成. 湘东北万古金矿床钨矿化流体来源与演化机制[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2026, 16(2): 126-136. https://doi.org/10.12677/ag.2026.162013

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