新型电力系统建设中变电站土建建筑的适配性设计综述

A Review of Adaptive Design for Substation Civil Engineering in the Construction of New Power Systems

摘要: 在电网智能化与新型电力系统建设的双重驱动下，变电站已从传统电力传输枢纽演进为集数据采集、信息处理与智能决策于一体的核心节点，其功能重构对土建建筑的技术适配性提出刚性需求。本文基于模块化建设理念与智能建造技术发展趋势，系统探究智能变电站土建建筑的多维适配设计体系。研究表明，土建建筑需通过精准预留温度、湿度及SF₆气体泄漏监测等智能传感器的安装点位与走线通道，耦合边缘计算、通信设备的防尘防潮及抗电磁干扰环境要求，构建数据采集与传输的物理支撑基础。针对智能化运维场景，需通过优化站区布局为巡检机器人规划无阻碍运行路径，并预留自主充电接口，实现设备状态的自动化监测。在安防与二次系统适配方面，关键区域监控基座需满足视野无遮挡与抗震稳定性双重标准，同时顺应集中式控制室向分散化、虚拟化转型趋势，采用灵活布局设计预留新型设备扩展空间。结合地基处理技术优化与模块化建材应用，上述适配设计实现了土建结构与智能系统的深度协同，有效提升了变电站运行的安全性与运维效率。研究为智能变电站土建工程的标准化设计提供了技术参考，契合新型电力系统对关键基础设施智能化升级的发展需求。

Abstract: Driven by both the intelligentization of power grids and the construction of new power systems, substations have evolved from traditional power transmission hubs into core nodes integrating data collection, information processing, and intelligent decision-making. Their functional restructuring imposes rigid requirements on the technical adaptability of civil engineering buildings. Based on the concept of modular construction and the development trend of intelligent construction technology, this paper systematically explores the multi-dimensional adaptive design system for civil engineering buildings in intelligent substations. The research shows that civil engineering buildings need to construct a physical support foundation for data collection and transmission by accurately reserving installation points and wiring channels for intelligent sensors such as temperature, humidity, and SF₆ gas leakage monitoring, and coupling with the environmental requirements of dustproof, moisture-proof, and anti-electromagnetic interference for edge computing and communication equipment. For intelligent operation and maintenance scenarios, it is necessary to optimize the station layout to plan unobstructed operation paths for inspection robots and reserve autonomous charging interfaces to realize automatic monitoring of equipment status. In terms of security and secondary system adaptation, the monitoring bases in key areas must meet the dual standards of unobstructed vision and seismic stability. Meanwhile, in line with the trend of transforming centralized control rooms to decentralized and virtualized ones, flexible layout designs are adopted to reserve expansion space for new equipment. Combined with the optimization of foundation treatment technology and the application of modular building materials, the above adaptive designs realize the in-depth collaboration between civil engineering structures and intelligent systems, effectively improving the operation safety and maintenance efficiency of substations. The research provides a technical reference for the standardized design of civil engineering projects in intelligent substations, and conforms to the development needs of the new power system for the intelligent upgrading of key infrastructure.