从理解到干预：基于父母情绪调节的儿童情绪问题预防与促进

From Understanding to Intervention: Prevention and Promotion of Children’s Emotional Problems Based on Parental Emotion Regulation

摘要: 中小学阶段是儿童情绪调节能力发展的关键时期，而家庭在这一发展过程中扮演着核心角色。本文基于家庭情感社会化理论，重点梳理了父母情绪调节能力对儿童青少年情绪调节发展的影响机制及教育启示。研究表明，父母主要通过观察模仿、情绪教养实践与家庭情绪氛围三条路径影响子女的情绪调节，且其作用方式随儿童发展阶段呈现规律性演变。实证研究发现，父母(尤其是母亲)的情绪调节策略存在代际传递倾向，高质量的亲子共同调节能有效提升儿童情绪适应能力，同时神经科学研究为此提供了生理层面的证据。然而，现有研究仍存在概念测量不一致、父亲角色被忽视、纵向因果证据不足及文化适配性考量欠缺等局限。未来学校心理健康工作应重视家校协同，依据儿童发展阶段设计差异化干预方案，并加强对高风险家庭的支持。后续研究需通过纵向设计深入探讨作用机制，并开发适用于我国文化情境的干预措施，以促进儿童青少年的情绪健康与社会适应。

Abstract: The primary and secondary school years represent a critical period for the development of emotion regulation, in which the family plays a central role. Focusing on the theory of family emotional socialization, this review synthesizes the mechanisms through which parental emotion regulation influences the development of emotion regulation in children and adolescents, along with its educational implications. The literature indicates that parents primarily exert their influence through three pathways: observational modeling, emotion-related parenting practices, and the family emotional climate. The nature of this influence evolves predictably across different developmental stages. Empirical studies have found intergenerational transmission tendencies in parental (particularly maternal) emotion regulation strategies, and high-quality parent-child co-regulation effectively enhances children’s emotional adaptability. Neurobiological research provides supporting evidence at the physiological level. However, limitations persist in current research, including inconsistencies in conceptualization and measurement, neglect of the father's role, a lack of longitudinal causal evidence, and insufficient consideration of cultural appropriateness. Future school-based mental health initiatives should emphasize family-school collaboration, design stage-specific interventions based on child development, and strengthen support for high-risk families. Subsequent research should employ longitudinal designs to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop interventions suited to the Chinese cultural context, thereby promoting the emotional well-being and social adjustment of children and adolescents.