基于激光位移传感器的非接触式物体线速度测量系统设计

Design of a Non-Contact Linear Velocity Measurement System Based on Laser Displacement Sensors

摘要: 针对现有非接触式测速技术在测量小尺寸物体直线往复运动时，普遍存在的空间布局受限、对被测物体表面特性依赖度高、环境抗干扰能力不足等问题，本文设计并实现了一种基于激光位移传感器的非接触式物体线速度测量系统。该系统基于激光标线仪构建光路与运动轨迹的高精度空间对准方法，并通过激光位移传感器实现了位移与时间戳数据的同步采集；利用位移序列的实时差分运算结合多重滤波策略，并引入基于均值处理的降采样技术，构建了高鲁棒性的速度解析模型，有效抑制了噪声并提升了信号质量。实验结果表明，系统在不超过2米的测量范围内，能够稳定实现毫米级尺度物体的线速度检测，在降低对物体尺寸与测量空间要求的同时，保证了系统的测量精度。在典型的工业噪声环境下，系统表现出良好的稳定性和适应性，克服了传统光学、超声等方法在材质普适性与环境抗扰性方面的局限，为微机电系统等高精度运动监测场景提供了一种切实可行的解决方案。

Abstract: To address the prevalent limitations of existing non-contact speed measurement techniques in measuring linear reciprocating motion of small-sized objects—such as constrained spatial layout, high dependence on object surface characteristics, and insufficient environmental anti-interference capability—this paper presents the design and implementation of a non-contact linear velocity measurement system based on a laser displacement sensor. The system incorporates a laser line projector to establish a high-precision spatial alignment method between the optical path and the motion trajectory, enabling synchronous acquisition of displacement and timestamp data. A highly robust velocity analysis model is constructed through real-time differential computation of the displacement sequence, combined with a multi-stage filtering strategy and a down-sampling technique based on averaging. This approach effectively suppresses noise and enhances signal quality. Experimental results demonstrate that within a measurement range of up to 2 m, the system can stably detect the linear velocity of millimeter-scale objects. It reduces requirements on object size and measurement space while maintaining measurement accuracy. Under typical industrial noise conditions, the system exhibits good stability and adaptability, overcoming the limitations of conventional optical and ultrasonic methods in terms of material adaptability and environmental interference resistance. This provides a practical and viable solution for high-precision motion monitoring scenarios such as micro-electromechanical systems.