传统民俗的变迁研究——以哈萨克族哭嫁习俗为例

Study of the Change of Traditional Folk Custom—A Case Study of the Kazakh Wedding Crying Custom

摘要: “哭嫁”是哈萨克族婚俗中通过哭嫁歌表达情感的重要文化形式。研究发现，现代哈萨克族哭嫁习俗在歌词内容、演唱主体和仪式流程等方面均发生明显变化，由此引发的争议主要集中于“习俗传承”与“个体选择”之间的张力，其根源在于代际价值观差异、传统民俗工具化与情感化的冲突，以及社交媒体传播带来的道德压力。从变迁动因看，交通条件改善、家庭结构调整以及婚恋方式由被动接受向主动选择转变，共同推动了哭嫁习俗的转型。本文认为，民俗变迁是一个动态过程，哭嫁习俗的传承应在尊重个体意愿的基础上，保留其感恩亲情与重视婚姻的核心内涵，并作出现代诠释。

Abstract: The “Crying Wedding” is a significant cultural practice in Kazakh marriage customs, where emotional expressions are conveyed through crying wedding songs. Research indicates that modern Kazakh Crying Wedding customs have undergone notable changes in lyrics, performers, and ritual procedures. The resulting controversies primarily revolve around the tension between “custom preservation” and “individual choice”, rooted in generational value differences, the conflict between instrumentalization and emotionalization of traditional folk practices, and the moral pressure from social media dissemination. From the perspective of driving forces, improved transportation, family restructuring, and the shift from passive acceptance to active choice in marriage have collectively contributed to the transformation of the Crying Wedding custom. This paper argues that folk customs evolve dynamically, and the preservation of the Crying Wedding custom should honor individual choices while retaining its core values of gratitude for kinship and emphasis on marriage, while offering modern interpretations.