批评性话语分析(CDA)理论及其应用研究综述

A Review of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Theory and Its Applications

摘要: 本文系统梳理了批评性话语分析(CDA)的理论渊源与发展脉络，回顾其从批评语言学到研究范式的演进过程，并重点评述了Fairclough的辩证–关系方法、Van Dijk的社会–认知方法以及Wodak的话语–历史方法。在此基础上，文章进一步概述了CDA与翻译研究融合的主要理论路径，并总结了其在新闻、法律与文学文本领域的应用成果。研究认为，CDA为揭示翻译中的话语重构提供了有效分析工具，但在译者认知过程的实证考察与文体多样性方面仍显不足，有待未来进一步拓展与深化。

Abstract: This paper systematically reviews the theoretical origins and developmental trajectory of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), tracing its evolution from Critical Linguistics to an established research paradigm, with particular emphasis on Fairclough’s dialectical-relational approach, Van Dijk’s sociocognitive approach, and Wodak’s discourse-historical approach. On this foundation, the article further outlines the principal theoretical pathways integrating CDA with Translation Studies and synthesizes its applications across journalistic, legal, and literary texts. The study argues that while CDA provides effective analytical tools for uncovering discursive reconstruction in translation, current scholarship remains insufficient regarding empirical investigation of translators’ cognitive processes and stylistic diversity, calling for further expansion and deepening in future research.