四川乐山方言ABB式形容词研究

A Study on ABB-Structured Adjectives in Leshan Dialect, Sichuan Province

摘要: 本文以《乐山话方言词典》中的192个ABB式形容词为语料，对四川乐山方言中ABB式形容词的结构类型、语法功能及语义特征进行了系统分析。在结构上，文章将其划分为并列、偏正、主谓等五类，并提出了“后重叠附加”、“后重叠扩展”及“前重叠倒置扩展”三种生成路径。在语法上，论述了其作定语、谓语、状语及补语的功能，指出其通常不受程度副词修饰但部分可加“得很”的特性。在语义上，文章分析了ABB式形容词在程度量级上的变化(增强或减弱)以及主观情感色彩的附加功能。研究认为乐山方言ABB式形容词保留了生动的描摹性，是方言语法特征与古汉语遗存的载体。该研究有助于丰富西南官话及其次方言(岷江小片)的语法研究资料，记录和保存了乐山方言中具有特色的形容词表达方式，对于汉语方言语法的比较研究具有一定的参考价值。

Abstract: Taking 192 ABB-structured adjectives from Leshan Dialect Dictionary as the corpus, this paper conducts a systematic analysis of the structural types, grammatical functions and semantic features of such adjectives in the Leshan dialect of Sichuan Province. Structurally, the paper classifies them into five categories including coordinate, endocentric and subject-predicate structures, and puts forward three generation paths: “post-reduplication attachment”, “post-reduplication expansion” and “pre-reduplication inverted expansion”. Grammatically, it expounds on their functions as attributes, predicates, adverbials and complements, and points out that they are generally not modified by degree adverbs, though some of them can be followed by the expression “de hen (extremely)”. Semantically, the paper analyzes the changes in degree magnitude (enhancement or attenuation) of ABB-structured adjectives as well as their function of adding subjective emotional overtones. The study holds that the ABB-structured adjectives in the Leshan dialect retain vivid descriptive properties and serve as a carrier of both dialectal grammatical features and archaic Chinese linguistic relics. This research helps enrich the grammatical research data of Southwestern Mandarin and its sub-dialect (the Minjiang Cluster), records and preserves the distinctive adjective expressions in the Leshan dialect, and thus has certain reference value for the comparative study of Chinese dialect grammar.