不同运动技能对大学生孤独感及手机成瘾的影响研究

A Study on the Influence of Different Motor Skills on Loneliness and Mobile Phone Addiction among University Students

摘要: 目的：探讨不同运动技能对大学生孤独感、手机成瘾的影响效果，手机成瘾在不同运动技能和孤独感之间的中介作用，为改善大学生孤独感及手机成瘾提供有效、可实施的体育锻炼路径。方法：对湖南省某高校310名大一和大二学生进行分层随机抽样，将其中60名具有孤独感和手机成瘾者分为3组(开放式组20名、闭锁式组20名、对照组20名)。进行为期3个月的干预实验，孤独感量表(UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3, UCLA-3)、大学生手机成瘾指数量表(MPAI)均分别于干预前、干预后各评定一次，使用Bootstrap法进行孤独感与手机成瘾间的中介作用分析。结果：干预后与干预前比较，开放式组和闭锁式组对象的UCLA、MPAI得分呈降低趋势(T = 9.23，T = 3.52，T = 17.82，T = 10.70，P值均<0.01)，开放式组降低趋势高于闭锁式组；且在进行中介效应检验后，表明手机成瘾在不同运动技能和孤独感之间起中介作用(直接效应值−0.163、占比73%；间接效应值为−0.059、占比27%)。结论：开放式运动技能、闭锁式运动技能均能不同程度地降低孤独感和手机成瘾，但开放式运动技能降低效果更好；手机成瘾是不同运动技能和孤独感之间的中介变量。

Abstract: Objective: This study explores the differential effects of various motor skills on loneliness and mobile-phone addiction among university students, examines the mediating role of phone addiction between motor-skill type and loneliness, and aims to provide a scientific, effective, and feasible pathway for alleviating college students’ loneliness and mobile-phone addiction. Methods: Using a stratified random cluster-sampling method, 310 freshman and sophomore students from one university were recruited; among them, 60 who reported both loneliness and mobile-phone addiction were assigned to three groups (open-skill group n = 20, closed-skill group n = 20, control group n = 20). A three-month intervention was conducted. The UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 (UCLA-3) and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index for College Students (MPAI) were administered once before and once after the intervention. Bootstrap-based mediation analysis between loneliness and mobile phone addiction. Results: After the intervention, compared with pre-intervention levels, the scores of UCLA and MPAI in both the open-skill group and the closed-skill group showed a decreasing trend (T = 9.23, T = 3.52, T = 17.82, T = 10.70, all P-values < 0.01), with the open-skill group exhibiting a larger decrease than the closed-skill group. Mediation analysis indicated that mobile-phone addiction partially mediated the relationship between motor-skill type and loneliness (direct effect = −0.163, 73% of total; indirect effect = −0.059, 27% of total). Conclusion: Both open and closed motor-skill interventions can reduce loneliness and mobile-phone addiction to varying extents, but open-skill activities produce significantly larger improvements. Mobile-phone addiction operates as a mediator between the type of motor-skill intervention and subsequent loneliness.