从反视觉中心主义重读庄子——以“光”为主要线索

Re-Reading Zhuangzi from the Perspective of Anti-Ocularcentrism—With “Light” as the Central Clue

摘要: 在西方哲学传统中，视觉中心主义作为一种根深蒂固的认知范式，长期将视觉置于感官等级的顶端，将“看见”等同于“认知”，将“光明”等同于“真理”，这种思维模式在柏拉图中已见端倪，并贯穿于自笛卡尔至现代理性主义的思想史。与之相对，中国先秦哲学中，庄子以其独特的“光”论，构建了一套反视觉中心思想体系。当西方哲学自海德格尔开始反思视觉中心主义的局限时，庄子以“光”为枢纽的反视觉思想提供了一种非西方的解构路径。以“光”为主要线索，系统梳理“天光”、“光而不耀”等概念间的关系，并将庄子的“光”论与西方视觉中心主义批判进行对比，揭示与海德格尔的同与异。通过这种解读，丰富庄子哲学的现代诠释纬度，更为反视觉中心主义思潮注入源自中国传统的思想活水。

Abstract: In the Western philosophical tradition, ocularcentrism has long served as a deep-rooted cognitive paradigm, placing vision at the apex of the sensory hierarchy, equating “seeing” with “knowing,” and “light” with “truth.” This mode of thinking emerged as early as Plato and runs through the intellectual history from Descartes to modern rationalism. In contrast, in pre-Qin Chinese philosophy, Zhuangzi constructed a system of anti-ocularcentric thought through his unique discourse on “light.” As Western philosophy, beginning with Heidegger, started to reflect on the limitations of ocularcentrism, Zhuangzi’s anti-visual thought, centered on “light,” offers a non-Western path of deconstruction. Taking “light” as the main thread, this paper systematically examines the relationships between concepts such as “heavenly light” and “light without glare,” and compares Zhuangzi’s theory of “light” with Western critiques of ocularcentrism, revealing both convergences and divergences with Heidegger. Through this interpretation, the study aims to enrich the modern hermeneutic dimensions of Zhuangzi’s philosophy and inject intellectual vitality from the Chinese tradition into the discourse of anti-ocularcentrism.