算法时代的景观重构——从德波的视觉表象到斯蒂格勒的意识编程

Landscape Reconstruction in the Algorithmic Age—From Debord’s Spectacle to Stiegler’s Programming of Consciousness

摘要: 数字算法的全面渗透已根本性地改变了景观社会的形态与运作机制。基于大众传媒时代的德波景观理论，在解释数字时代的统治形态时面临结构性局限。本研究通过引入斯蒂格勒的技术哲学，特别是其“一般器官学”和“意识的时间客体”等概念，构建了“超工业化景观”这一批判框架，用以分析算法如何通过对意识时间的捕获与编程，实现从视觉意识形态操控向意识过程政治经济学的深刻转变。该分析以中国数字文化实践为经验场域，结合直播电商、短视频平台与数字节日消费等典型案例，具体揭示了算法作为“意识工厂”总工程师的运作机制。最后，文章探讨了以“负熵式实践”为核心的抵抗路径，包括发展批判性数字素养、建设非商品化数字公域、探索平台合作模式以及完善数字治理体系。此研究旨在推动景观社会理论的当代化，并为理解数字资本主义的文化逻辑提供新的哲学视角。

Abstract: The comprehensive penetration of digital algorithms has fundamentally reshaped the form and operational mechanisms of the society of the spectacle. Guy Debord’s theory of the spectacle, grounded in the era of mass media, encounters structural limitations when explaining the modalities of domination in the digital age. By incorporating Bernard Stiegler’s philosophy of technology—particularly concepts such as “general organology” and “temporal objects of consciousness”—this study constructs the critical framework of the “hyper-industrialized spectacle.” This framework analyzes how algorithms facilitate a profound shift from visual-ideological manipulation to the political economy of conscious processes through the capture and programming of temporal consciousness. Employing China’s digital cultural practices as an empirical field, the study integrates typical cases such as live-streaming e-commerce, short-video platforms, and digital holiday consumption to reveal the operational mechanisms of algorithms as the chief engineers of “consciousness factories.” Finally, the article explores pathways of resistance centered on “negentropic practices,” including the development of critical digital literacy, the construction of non-commodified digital commons, experimentation with platform cooperatives, and the refinement of digital governance systems. This research aims to contemporize the theory of the society of the spectacle and offer a new philosophical perspective for understanding the cultural logic of digital capitalism.